面向空天应急通信系统的空地连续覆盖技术研究与应用

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022241

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

摘要：为了解决大型固定翼无人机应急基站覆盖范围小、覆盖不连续的问题，提出一种无人机应急基站连续覆盖的设计方案。通过对机载基站单天线覆盖能力的分析，提出内侧天线加边缘天线的多幅天线覆盖方案，并结合无人机飞行的滚转角、俯仰角等参数，设计保证连续覆盖的多天线挂装的安装方案。根据 3GPP 传播损耗模型进行链路预算，根据连续覆盖面积需求，规划无人机飞行方案。仿真和飞行测试结果表明，所提方案能在不使用云台智能控制天线角度的情况下，实现空中移动基站对地面50 km²面积的连续覆盖。

关键词: 应急通信, 连续覆盖, 天线方案, 传播损耗

Abstract:

To solve the problem of small coverage area and discontinuous coverage of large fixed-wing aerospace emergency base stations, a design scheme for continuous coverage of UAV emergency base stations was proposed.Based on the analysis of the coverage capability of the single antenna of the airborne base station, a multi-antenna coverage scheme with inner antenna plus edge antenna was proposed.Taking the roll angle, pitch angle and other parameters of the UAV flight into consideration, the installation plan of multi-antenna mounting that guarantees continuous coverage was designed.Then the link budget was carried out according to the 3GPP propagation loss model, and the UAV flight plan was planned according to the continuous coverage area requirements.Simulation and flight test results show that the proposed scheme can achieve 50 km² continuous signal coverage of the ground by the mobile base station on the UAV without using the intelligent control of the antenna angle of the PTZ.

Key words: emergency communication, continuous coverage, antenna scheme, propagation loss

中图分类号:

TN929

陈盛伟, 李帆, 杨光平, 周剑, 苏郁. 面向空天应急通信系统的空地连续覆盖技术研究与应用[J]. 电信科学, 2022, 38(8): 54-64.

Shengwei CHEN, Fan LI, Guangping YANG, Jian ZHOU, Yu SU. Research and application of air-to-ground continuous coverage technology for air-space emergency communication system[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2022, 38(8): 54-64.

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参数	含义	单位	上行	下行
发射机	最大发射功率	W	0.2	60
	最大发射功率	dBm	23	48
	发射天线增益	dBi	0	5
	EIRP	dBm	23	53
接收机	接收机噪声系数	dB	3	7
	速率要求	kbit/s	512	2 048
	RB要求	-	8	20
	热噪声	dBm	-112.4	-108.4
	接收机底噪声	dBm	-109.4	-101.4
	SINR要求	dB	-3	1.5
	接收机灵敏度	dBm	-112.4	-99.9
增益余量损耗	接收天线增益	dBi	5	0
	干扰余量	dB	2	0
	馈线损耗	dB	0.5	0.5
	塔放增益	dB	0	0
	阴影衰落	dB	3.4	3.4
	穿透损耗	dB	0	0
	人体损耗	dB	3	3
	发射分集增益	dB	0	0
	分集接收增益	dB	0	0
	切换增益	dB	0	0
最大路径损耗	最大路径损耗	dB	131.5	145.8
最大传输距离	中心频率	GHz	0.95	0.95
	终端有效高度	m	1.5	1.5
	最大传输距离d	m	6 543.257	26 412.83

测试项	参数
无人机	翼龙II
通信卫星	中星6A
基站类型	900 MHz FDD基站
飞行方案	飞行对地高度3 500 m，对应飞行半径分别为3 000 m，正圆轨迹飞行，滚转角7°
天线方案	1副内侧天线加2副边缘天线

测试项	点位0（0 km）	点位1（2 km）	点位2（2.5 km）	点位3（3 km）	点位4（3.5 km）	点位5（4 km）
平均值	-89.15	-88.69	-93.32	-92.38	-91.05	-99.68
[-145, -120)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)
[-120, -110)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	1(0.25%)	0(0)	13(4.42%)
[-110, -100)	0(0)	5(1.47%)	74(23.27%)	45(11.39%)	19(5.25%)	148(50.34%)
RSRP/dBm[-100, -90)	136(40.84%)	117(34.51%)	131(41.19%)	217(54.94%)	189(52.21%)	107(36.39%)
[-90, -80)	195(58.56%)	213(62.83%)	112(35.22%)	132(33.42%)	154(42.54%)	26(8.84%)
[-80, -70)	2(0.60%)	4(1.18%)	1(0.31%)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)
[-70, -30]	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)
≥-110	100%	99.99%	99.99%	99.75%	100%	95.57%

离飞行圆心距离	VoLTE接通率（H=3 500 m）
0 km	100%
2 km	100%
2.5 km	100%
3 km	100%
3.5 km	100%
4 km	100%

	测试项	点位0（0 km）	点位1（2 km）	点位2（2.5 km）	点位3（3 km）	点位4（3.5 km）	点位5（4 km）
Ping	Ping包数	51	21	27	113	119	78
	收包数	51	21	27	113	119	77
	丢包率	0	0	0	0	0	1.28%
	平均时延/ms	568.67	541.29	504.69	542.62	586.84	704.1