低轨星座通导一体化：现状、机遇和挑战

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2023087

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着毫米波、高通量卫星通信等技术日渐成熟，及其对全球宽带通信服务的迫切需求，低轨巨型通信星座建设受到极大关注，高达数千颗卫星的低轨通信星座被部署，大量部署的低轨通信卫星实现了高频射频信号对地面的多重覆盖，同时地面通信资源为信号接收提供了硬件平台，为通信导航一体化的发展创造了条件。讨论了低轨通导一体化星座的现状、机遇和挑战，重点阐述了低轨通导一体化星座与全球卫星导航系统所需资源的差异，按照空间段、地面段和用户段分别进行了阐述，最后给出了结论和对未来研究的展望。

关键词: 通导一体化, 低轨星座, 导航定位, 星座设计, 轨道确定

Abstract:

With the growing maturity of millimeter wave technology and high-throughput satellite communication technology, as well as the urgent need for global broadband communication services, the construction of LEO giant communication constellation has attracted great attention, and up to thousands of satellites have been deployed.A large number of LEO communication satellites have realized multiple and repeated coverage of high-frequency radio frequency signals on the ground.At the same time, ground communication resources provide a hardware platform for signal reception and create conditions for the development of integrated communication and navigation.The status quo, opportunities and challenges of the integrated LEO navigation constellation were discussed, and the differences of resources required by the integrated LEO navigation constellation and the global navigation satellite system were emphatically expounded.In terms of space segment, ground segment and user segment, the conclusions and prospects for future research were presented.

Key words: communication and navigation integration, LEO constellation, navigation and positioning, constellation design, orbit determination

中图分类号:

TN927

赵亚飞, 闫冰, 孙耀华, 彭木根. 低轨星座通导一体化：现状、机遇和挑战[J]. 电信科学, 2023, 39(5): 90-100.

Yafei ZHAO, Bing YAN, Yaohua SUN, Mugen PENG. Communication and navigation integration for LEO constellations:status, opportunities, and challenges[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2023, 39(5): 90-100.

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星座名称	在轨卫星数量/颗	轨道高度/km	业务类型
Globalstar	48	1 414	语音、数据
Orbcomm	50	825	物联网（Internet of things，IoT）、机器到机器通信（machineto-machine，M2M）
Iridium	66	780	语音、数据
Iridium NEXT	66	780	语音、数据

优化指标	指标说明	文献
几何精度因子稀释	包含经度、维度、高程和时间精度衰减因子4 个参数，是导航性能指标的重要参数	[23-24]
载噪比	载波和载波噪声关系的标准测量尺度，反映射频信号质量	[25-26]
雨衰	评价信号受雨水天气的影响	[27-28]
连接中断概率（LOP）	表征地面站数量与可用性对连接的影响	[29]