低轨卫星通信网络路由技术综述

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2022037

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

低轨卫星通信网络是万物互联时代的重要组成部分，而卫星星座拓扑高动态、资源异构受限、网络服务能力不均衡等特性使得传统应用于地面网络的路由协议不再适用于低轨卫星通信网络。对此，国内外学者展开了广泛的低轨卫星路由技术研究，首先分别从星上路由和星地路由两方面对低轨卫星路由研究现状进行讨论，详细梳理并对比以业务为核心和以拓扑为核心两个角度的星上路由技术。在此基础上，分析低轨卫星路由策略面临的关键问题，即网络拓扑高动态、星间链路传播时延大、网络负载不均匀和星上资源有限，进而针对上述问题对低轨卫星路由技术的未来研究进行相应展望。

关键词: 低轨卫星通信网络, 路由, 业务, 拓扑结构

Abstract:

Low earth orbit satellite communication network is an important part of the internet of everything era, but the characteristics of satellite constellation topology such as high dynamic, limited heterogeneous resources and unbalanced network service capacity make the traditional routing protocol applied to the ground network no longer suitable for low earth orbit satellite network.In this regard, scholars at home and abroad had carried out extensive research on low-orbit satellite routing technology.Firstly, the research status of low-orbit satellite routing was discussed from inter-satellite routing and satellite-to-ground routing, and the inter-satellite routing technologies with business as the core and topology as the core were compared in detail.On this basis, the key problems faced by low-orbit satellite routing strategies were analyzed, namely, high dynamic network topology, large inter-satellite link propagation delay, uneven network load and limited on-board resources.The future research of routing technology was prospected accordingly.

Key words: low earth orbit satellite communication network, routing, business, topological structure

中图分类号:

TN927.2

郑爽, 张兴, 王文博. 低轨卫星通信网络路由技术综述[J]. 天地一体化信息网络, 2022, 3(3): 97-105.

Shuang ZHENG, Xing ZHANG, Wenbo WANG. Survey of Low Earth Orbit Satellite Communication Network Routing Technology[J]. Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks, 2022, 3(3): 97-105.

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路由技术	路由计算	路由表更新	数据存储	信令开销
地面网络路由技术	稳定	周期更新	大规模	要求较弱
LEO卫星路由技术	动态复杂	频繁更新	小规模	尽可能降低

技术分类	方法	备选路径	是否考虑链路状态	优化目标	特点
面向业务类型	WCSSM ^[13]	无	是	时延	自适应调整加权因子
面向业务类型	基于MPLS路由算法^[15]	无	是	带宽利用率	融合IP和ATM两种技术
面向服务需求	DOAR ^[16]	有	是	带宽利用率	主动式路由
	SOR-MSG ^[18]	有	是	多QoS	满足多业务需求
	ADR ^[19]	无	是	流量	漫游代理和固定代理交互
面向网络能力的负载均衡	TLR ^[23]	有	是	丢包率、时延	结合预测，拥塞反应快
	NCMCR ^[24]	有	否	吞吐量	多条路径协同传输
	HGL ^[25]	无	是	吞吐量	区分区域和长、短距离流

技术分类	方法	备选路径	是否考虑链路状态优化目标		特点
静态路由	CGR ^[29]	无	否	时延	动态响应卫星DTN拓扑变化
静态路由	DGRA ^[31]	无	否	路径距离	地理信息嵌入节点地址
动态路由	基于拥塞预测QoS感知路由^[32]	无	是	时延	流量绕行系数自适应调整
动态路由	PAR ^[33]	无	是	时延	小范围拥塞适用，拥塞反应快
动静结合路由	PLMP ^[5]	有	是	时延	结合当前和下一跳节点拥塞状态
动静结合路由	PLSR ^[34]	无	是	时延	预测信息和实时状态相结合