航空自组网负载均衡地理路由策略

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2016273

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对贪婪周边无状态路由（GPSR,greedy perimeter stateless routing）协议在航空自组网中存在难以适应高动态网络环境、易导致网络拥塞等问题，提出一种基于TTE（time to enter the communication range of the destination）的多路径流量分配负载均衡地理路由（LBGR,load balancing geographic routing）协议。该协议将TTE作为路由决策依据，具体包括分组转发策略、多路径流量分配策略和局部最优化处理策略等3种机制。进一步采用排队论对多路径流量分配策略进行了建模分析，得出了平均队长、平均等待队长、平均等待时间等性能指标的数学表达式。最后利用OMNeT++仿真平台对LBGR协议的性能进行了仿真验证，结果表明相比GPSR等协议，LBGR协议在分组传输成功率和端到端时延方面有较大幅度的提升，能够有效适应高动态航空环境。

关键词: 航空自组网, 贪婪地理路由协议, 负载均衡, 多路径, 多队列, 局部最优化

Abstract:

In aeronautical ad hoc networks, the traditional greedy perimeter stateless routing (GPSR) protocol poses sev-eral issues. For example, it is difficult to adapt to the highly-dynamic network environment, and it is prone to cause con-gestions. In order to address the problems, a TTE (time to enter the communication range of the destination)-based load balancing geographic routing (LBGR) protocol was presented. Taking TTE as the main routing decision metrics, this pro-tocol included the TTE-based packet forwarding scheme, multi-path traffic allocation scheme, and local optimum han-dling scheme. Furthermore, the multi-path traffic allocation scheme employing the queueing theory was modeled, and the mathematical expressions of some metrics were derived, such as the mean queue size, mean number of packets waiting in the queue, and mean waiting time. Finally, the analysis of the OMNeT++ simulations shows LBGR protocol has advan-tages over GPSR and some other protocols in terms of the packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay, and is more suitable for the highly-dynamic aeronautical environment.

Key words: aeronautical ad hoc network, greedy geographical routing protocol, load balancing, multi-path, multi-queue, local optimum

郑博,张衡阳,王宝良,赵玮. 航空自组网负载均衡地理路由策略[J]. 通信学报, 2016, 37(12): 67-76.

Bo ZHENG,Heng-yang ZHANG,Bao-liang WANG,Wei ZHAO. Load balancing geographic routing strategy for aeronautical ad hoc networks[J]. Journal on Communications, 2016, 37(12): 67-76.

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参数	值
仿真场景大小	500km×500km×20km
移动模型	Random Waypoint（暂停时间为0）
分组长度	1 000 byte
节点发送缓存区大小	5×10⁴byte
HELLO周期	10s
传输层协议	UDP
仿真运行时间	10min
节点通信距离	50km
分组发送速率	24kbit/s
信道传输速率	2Mbit/s
MAC协议	IEEE 802.11b
信号传播损失模型	Friis