认知无线传感器网络分簇路由协议综述

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2018244

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

路由协议能实现认知无线传感器网络（CRSN,cognitive radio sensor network）内部感知数据的有效汇聚传输，尤其是分簇路由协议能进一步降低路由选择的复杂度、提升网络可扩展性，对整体网络性能至关重要。因此，针对CRSN分簇路由协议进行综述研究。首先，在简要介绍CRSN分簇概念和优势的基础上，阐述CRSN分簇算法设计考虑的主要因素。其次，探讨CRSN分簇路由协议设计面临的挑战及应遵循的基本设计原则。再次，系统的分析和总结CRSN分簇路由协议的研究现状。最后，指出CRSN分簇路由协议研究中亟待解决的问题及未来的研究方向。

关键词: 认知无线传感器网络, 分簇, 路由协议, 信道分配, 跨层

Abstract:

Routing protocols could achieve efficient convergecast transmission of sensed data in cognitive radio sensor network (CRSN),and it is of vital importance for the whole network performance.In particular,cluster-based routing protocols could further lower routing selection complexity and improve scalability.Therefore,an overview of cluster-based routing protocols for CRSN was provided.Firstly,after a brief introduction to the concept and advantages of clustering in CRSN,the major factors concerning clustering algorithm design were pointed out.Secondly,the challenges faced by routing protocol design in CRSN and basic design principles were explored.Thirdly,the previous work of cluster-based routing protocols for CRSN was systematically analyzed and summarized.Finally,issues that require urgent solutions and future research directions were suggested.

Key words: cognitive radio sensor network, clustering,routing protocol, channel assignment, cross-layer

中图分类号:

TP393

王继红,石文孝. 认知无线传感器网络分簇路由协议综述[J]. 通信学报, 2018, 39(11): 156-169.

Jihong WANG,Wenxiao SHI. Survey on cluster-based routing protocols for cognitive radio sensor networks[J]. Journal on Communications, 2018, 39(11): 156-169.

图/表 9

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时间触发分簇路由协议比较—其他方面"

分簇路由协议	考虑频谱可用性变化	保护PU		跨层设计	满足应用的QoS要求	要求全网范围内CCC
分簇路由协议	考虑频谱可用性变化	频谱感知	PU行为预测	跨层设计	满足应用的QoS要求	要求全网范围内CCC	簇内通信	簇间通信
CogLEACH	—	假设完美感知	ON/OFF模型	—	—	√	CH在簇信道上使用TDMA调度CM传输	假设CH一跳接入sink
CogLEACH-C	—	假设完美感知	ON/OFF模型	—	—	√	CH在簇信道上使用TDMA调度CM传输	假设CH一跳接入sink
LEAUCH	—	假设完美感知	—	—	—	√	CH在簇信道上使用TDMA调度CM传输	通过CH间多跳传到sink，但没有给出路由选取原则
Fuzzy C-means	—	考虑存在虚警和漏检概率	—	—	—	√	CH在簇信道上使用TDMA调度CM传输	假设CH一跳接入sink
OTICORIC	—	—	—	—	—	—	CH在簇信道上使用TDMA调度CM传输	假设CH一跳接入sink
DSAC	受影响节点重分簇	假设完美感知	—	—	—	√	CH在簇信道上使用TDMA调度CM传输	CH以最大发送功率传给上行相邻CH
EESA-RLC	—	考虑存在虚警和漏检概率	ON/OFF模型	—	—	√	CH在簇信道上使用TDMA调度CM传输	假设CH一跳或最多需要一次中继即可接入sink
ABCC	—	—	—	—	—	√	CH在簇信道上使用TDMA调度CM传输	假设CH一跳接入sink
FOA-based CA	—	—	ON/OFF模型	—	—	—	CH在簇信道上使用TDMA调度CM传输	—
R-coefficient-based CA	立即停止通信	假设完美感知	ON/OFF模型	—	—	—	CH在簇信道上使用TDMA调度CM传输	—
CR-CEA	—	假设完美感知	—	—	—	√	—	CH间直接通信转发簇间分组
SCEEM(SCR)	—	考虑存在虚警和漏检概率	ON/OFF模型	√	√	√	CH在簇信道上使用TDMA调度CM传输	网关节点通过CSMAVCA转发簇间分组
COMUS	切换到备用	假设完美感知	使用时间序列模型预测	√	√	√	CH在簇信道上使用TDMA调度CM传输	CH间通过CSMA/CA转发簇间分组
分簇地理路由协议	—	假设完美感知	ON/OFF模型	√	√	√	CH在簇信道上使用TDMA调度CM传输	网关节点通过CSMVCA转发簇间分组

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相同点		不同点
相同点	RREQ包的转发方向	对转发节点的能量要求应答RREP包的节点	路由选择标准
簇构建过程相同，簇内、簇间通信使用的 MAC 协议相同	SCEEM：无要求	SCEEM：无要求SCEEM：缓存中有到sink路由的节点	SCEEM：选择转发RREQ包的单条路径
	分簇地理路由协议：向sink方向	分簇地理路由协议：节点剩余能量高于给定门限分簇地理路由协议：sink	分簇地理路由协议：从转发RREP 应答包的多条路径中选择度量值D最大的路径

协议	选取CH时考虑的因素	选取簇信道	选取最优CH
ESACm	①节点感知到的空闲可用信道数②节点的合法邻居节点度③与sink间的距离	以通过 CM 和簇信道可达的两跳邻居数最多为目标选取簇信道	选择传输范围内权重最大的CH加入
ESAC	①节点感知到的空闲可用信道数②节点的合法邻居节点度③与sink间的距离④节点的剩余能量⑤节点的移动速度	选取与邻居间共用度最大的信道为簇信道	选择传输范围内权重最小的CH加入

协议	EFC-REQ转发	选取合法节点时考虑的因素选取CH时考虑的因素	选取簇信道
ESAC	在CCC上转发	①距离sink更近②距离事件更远①节点感知到的空闲可用信道数②节点的合法邻居节点度③与sink之间的距离	以通过CM和簇信道可达的两跳邻居数最多为目标选取簇信道
ERP	在检测到的所有空闲可用信道上转发	①距离sink更近②剩余能量高于给定门限①节点感知到的空闲可用信道数②节点的合法邻居节点度③与sink之间的距离④节点的剩余能量	考虑信道的平均 PU 出现概率、平均空闲时间及信道上的邻居数