基于预测误差位平面压缩的密文图像可逆信息隐藏

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2022149

通信学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (8): 219-230.doi: 10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2022149

基于预测误差位平面压缩的密文图像可逆信息隐藏

吴友情¹, 马文静², 殷赵霞³, 彭银银⁴, 张新鹏⁵

¹ 合肥师范学院计算机学院，安徽合肥 230601
² 安徽大学多模态认知计算安徽省重点实验室，安徽合肥 230601
³ 华东师范大学通信与电子工程学院，上海 200241
⁴ 合肥工业大学计算机与信息学院，安徽合肥 230031
⁵ 复旦大学计算机科学与技术学院，上海 200433

修回日期:2022-07-20 出版日期:2022-08-25 发布日期:2022-08-01
作者简介:吴友情（1984- ），女，安徽枞阳人，合肥师范学院讲师，主要研究方向为信息隐藏、多媒体安全等
马文静（1997- ），女，安徽阜阳人，安徽大学硕士生，主要研究方向为信息隐藏
殷赵霞（1983- ），女，安徽安庆人，博士，华东师范大学教授，主要研究方向为隐蔽通信、多媒体通信与隐私保护、图像处理与人工智能等
彭银银（1994- ），女，安徽颍上人，合肥工业大学博士生，主要研究方向为隐私安全
张新鹏（1975- ），男，黑龙江密山人，博士，复旦大学教授，主要研究方向为多媒体信息安全、AI安全、图像处理等
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(62172001);国家自然科学基金资助项目(61872003);国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1936214);安徽省高等学校自然科学重点资助项目(KJ2021A0901);多模态认知计算安徽省重点实验室（安徽大学）开放基金资助项目(MMC202106)

Reversible data hiding in encrypted image based on bit-plane compression of prediction error

Youqing WU¹, Wenjing MA², Zhaoxia YIN³, Yinyin PENG⁴, Xinpeng ZHANG⁵

¹ School of Computer Science and Technology, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
² Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Multimodal Cognitive Computation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
³ School of Communication ＆Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
⁴ School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230031, China
⁵ School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China

Revised:2022-07-20 Online:2022-08-25 Published:2022-08-01
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(62172001);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(61872003);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1936214);The Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Higher Education Institutions of China(KJ2021A0901);The Open Project of Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Multimodal Cognitive Computation, Anhui University(MMC202106)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为进一步提升密文图像可逆信息隐藏算法性能，提出预测误差位平面联合编码无损压缩算法，可更充分地利用图像冗余，以预留更多可嵌入空间。图像所有者首先计算图像的预测误差，将预测误差位平面划分为相同大小的非重叠块，接着将其按块进行重新排列，利用游程编码和哈夫曼编码压缩重排后的比特流以预留空间。信息隐藏者在加密图像的预留空间中嵌入信息。在接收端，合法接收者能无损并可分离地提取信息和恢复图像。实验结果表明，所提算法充分利用位平面分布特性，获得了高嵌入性能，在BOSSbase和BOWS-2图像集中平均嵌入率达到3.763 bpp和3.642 bpp，比同类算法至少提升0.081 bpp和0.058 bpp。

关键词: 密文图像可逆信息隐藏, 预测误差, 游程编码, 哈夫曼编码, 位平面

Abstract:

To further improve the performance of reversible data hiding in encrypted image, an algorithm for lossless compression of the prediction error bit-plane using joint encoding was proposed, which could make full use of image redundancy and reserve more embedding room.Firstly, the image owner calculated the prediction error of the image and divided the prediction error bit-plane into non-overlapping blocks of the same size.Then, the prediction error bit-plane was rearranged according to blocks and the rearranged bitstream was compressed by run-length encoding and Huffman encoding to reserve room.The data hider embedded information in the reserved room of the encrypted image.At the receiving end, the legitimate receiver extracted information and recovered images losslessly and separately.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm makes full use of the bit-plane distribution characteristics and achieves higher embedding performance.The average embedding rates in BOSSbase and BOWS-2 datasets reach 3.763 bpp and 3.642 bpp, which are at least 0.081 bpp and 0.058 bpp higher than the state-of-the-art algorithms.

Key words: reversible data hiding in encrypted image, prediction error, run-length encoding, Huffman encoding, bit-plane

中图分类号:

TP309

吴友情, 马文静, 殷赵霞, 彭银银, 张新鹏. 基于预测误差位平面压缩的密文图像可逆信息隐藏[J]. 通信学报, 2022, 43(8): 219-230.

Youqing WU, Wenjing MA, Zhaoxia YIN, Yinyin PENG, Xinpeng ZHANG. Reversible data hiding in encrypted image based on bit-plane compression of prediction error[J]. Journal on Communications, 2022, 43(8): 219-230.

图/表 12

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

表1

表2

当t=4、Lfix为3～6、Lrun为3～6时200幅测试图像的平均嵌入率"

Lfix	Lrun	BOSSbase	BOWS-2
	3	2.231	3.674
3	4	2.365	3.651
	5	3.385	3.593
	6	3.317	3.524
	3	3.516	3.718
4	4	3.528	3.730
	5	3.499	3.705
	6	3.454	3.662
	3	3.533	3.735
5	4	3.562	3.764
	5	3.553	3.759
	6	3.528	3.734
	3	3.550	3.751
6	4	3.589	3.789
	5	$3 . 591$	$3 . 794$
	6	3.576	3.780

表2

表3

当Lfix=6，Lrun=5，t分别取2、3、4、8时200幅测试图像的平均嵌入率"

t	BOSSbase	BOWS-2
2	3.569	3.770
3	3.589	3.792
4	$3 . 591$	$3 . 794$
8	3.566	3.772

表3

图8

图9

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算法	类型	加密操作	恢复图像质量	是否具有分离性	嵌入率	是否产生扩展
文献[28]	VRAE	流密码+块置乱	无损	是	低	否
文献[29]	VRAE	矩阵遍历+扩散	无损	是	高	是
文献[30]	VRAE	块置乱+像素置乱	无损	是	中	否
文献[33]	VRAE	秘密共享	无损	是	中	是
文献[34]	VRAE	块置乱+调制	无损	是	中	否
文献[39]	RRBE	流密码	无损	是	中	否
文献[52]	RRBE	秘密共享	无损	是	中	是
所提算法	RRBE	流密码	无损	是	高	否

基于预测误差位平面压缩的密文图像可逆信息隐藏

Reversible data hiding in encrypted image based on bit-plane compression of prediction error

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