面向有人/无人协同的智能通信与组网关键技术：现状与趋势

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2024037

通信学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 1-17.doi: 10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2024037

• 专题：面向有人无人协同的智能通信与组网技术 •

面向有人/无人协同的智能通信与组网关键技术：现状与趋势

尹浩¹^,², 魏急波², 赵海涛², 张姣², 王海军², 任保全¹

¹ 军事科学院, 北京 100076
² 国防科技大学电子科学学院，湖南长沙 410073

修回日期:2023-12-26 出版日期:2024-01-01 发布日期:2024-01-01
作者简介:尹浩（1959- ），男，山东日照人，博士，中国科学院院士，军事科学院研究员、博士生导师，主要研究方向为军事通信网络、信息系统理论等
魏急波（1967- ），男，湖北汉川人，博士，国防科技大学教授、博士生导师，主要研究方向为无线通信网络协议、通信信号处理、协同通信、认知无线电网络等
赵海涛（1981- ），男，山东昌乐人，博士，国防科技大学教授、博士生导师，主要研究方向为认知无线电网络、自组织网络、协同通信等
张姣（1990- ），女，湖南汨罗人，博士，国防科技大学副教授，主要研究方向为无人机组网、边缘计算等
王海军（1993- ），男，安徽濉溪人，博士，国防科技大学讲师，主要研究方向为无人机组网、信息物理融合等
任保全（1974- ），男，陕西西安人，博士，军事科学院高级工程师，主要研究方向为物联网、无线通信、移动通信网络技术等
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(61931020);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2022JJ10068)

Intelligent communication and networking key technologies for manned/unmanned cooperation: states-of-the-art and trends

Hao YIN¹^,², Jibo WEI², Haitao ZHAO², Jiao ZHANG², Haijun WANG², Baoquan REN¹

¹ Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100076, China
² College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China

Revised:2023-12-26 Online:2024-01-01 Published:2024-01-01
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(61931020);The Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2022JJ10068)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

系统总结了有人/无人协同的智能通信与组网领域的研究成果。首先，从有人/无人协同的应用场景出发，具体分析了其对通信组网的需求。然后，自底而上按照物理层、链路层、网络层的层次划分，深入阐述了通信信道建模、通信波形设计、组网架构与协议、智能协同等关键问题，分析了研究现状和代表性技术的特点。最后，面向更加智能、高效、灵活的有人/无人协同通信与组网，展望了可能的发展趋势和极具潜力的技术方向。

关键词: 有人/无人系统, 智能通信, 智能组网, 群体智能

Abstract:

The intelligent communication and networking technologies for manned/unmanned cooperation was comprehensively surveyed.Firstly, the requirements on communication and networking were analyzed from the application scenarios of manned/unmanned cooperation.Then, in context of physical layer, link layer and network layer respectively, the key issues regarding channel modeling, waveform design, networking protocol and intelligent collaboration were analyzed.And the states-of-the-art in this research area and the characteristics of representative technologies were deeply studied.In the end, the possible development trends and promising technologies were prospected on the way to make the manned/unmanned cooperative communication and networking more intelligent, more efficient and more flexible.

Key words: manned/unmanned systems, intelligent communication, intelligent networking, swarm intelligence

中图分类号:

TN92

尹浩, 魏急波, 赵海涛, 张姣, 王海军, 任保全. 面向有人/无人协同的智能通信与组网关键技术：现状与趋势[J]. 通信学报, 2024, 45(1): 1-17.

Hao YIN, Jibo WEI, Haitao ZHAO, Jiao ZHANG, Haijun WANG, Baoquan REN. Intelligent communication and networking key technologies for manned/unmanned cooperation: states-of-the-art and trends[J]. Journal on Communications, 2024, 45(1): 1-17.

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场景	组网性能需求	信道建模	通信波形	网络架构	网络协议
有人/无人协同热点区域覆盖	大带宽、广覆盖、低功耗	空-空信道、空-地信道	正交频分复用波形、基于滤波的多载波波形、正交时频空间波形	分布式	自组织网络协议
有人/无人协同灾害救援	大带宽、高可靠、低时延	空-空信道、空-地信道	正交频分复用波形、基于滤波的多载波波形、正交时频空间波形	集中式	自组织网络协议
有人/无人协同侦察监视	大带宽、低功耗	空-空信道、空-地信道	正交频分复用波形、基于滤波的多载波波形、正交时频空间波形、通感一体波形	分布式	自组织网络协议
有人/无人协同联合行动	高可靠、低时延	空-空信道、空-地信道、地-地信道	正交频分复用波形、基于滤波的多载波波形、正交时频空间波形、通感一体波形	分层分簇Mesh	自组织网络协议

信道	文献	模型类型	建模方法及模型特点	非平稳性	移动性	信道特征
空-地信道	文献[17]	NGSM MIMO	基于水域上空通信场景 L/C 波段测量结果，建立随机模型，使用 CE2R 模型和多径生灭模型分别表征路径损耗和小尺度衰落	否	否	路径损耗、阴影衰落、多普勒谱
	文献[15]	射线追踪SISO	针对山区通信场景，建立山体物理模型；考虑 LoS 径和一次、二次反射路径，推导路径损耗解析表达式	否	否	路径损耗、功率时延谱
	文献[13]	GBSM MIMO	假设散射体分布于地面端附近的圆柱面上，且同时考虑了收发两端移动性	是	是	信道时空相关函数、平稳区间
	文献[14]	GBSM MIMO	考虑低空无人机通信情况，假设散射体分布于收发端周围，即双圆柱面模型	是	是	信道时变传递函数、空时相关函数
	文献[16]	GBSM MIMO	针对海面通信场景，考虑波导效应造成的多次反射，所建立模型与C波段信道实测数据吻合	是	是	时延拓展、平稳区间间隔
空-空信道	文献[22]	NGSM SISO	基于 L 波段信道测量结果，校准了传播路径上建筑物表面材料的电磁参数；通过广泛的射线追踪模拟结果建立了随机模型	否	否	衰落类型、功率时延谱、多普勒谱
	文献[25]	GBSM SISO	考虑 LoS 径和一次、二次反射分量；支持模拟无人机轨迹和速度的变化	是	是	时频相关函数、多普勒谱

通信波形	多载波	循环前缀	时域正交性	频域正交性	滤波粒度	OOBE
OFDM	是	是	正交	正交	全频带	高
F-OFDM	是	是	非正交	准正交	子带	低
FBMC	是	否	实域正交	实域正交	子载波	较低

通信波形	适用场景	多径补偿	多普勒补偿	优点	缺点
OFDM	低空、低移动性、	是	否	● 误码率较低	● 带来导频开销、功率和带宽
	单无人机			● 抗多径衰落	损失
				● 时延较小
F-OFDM	低移动性、多无人机	是	否	● 误码率低	● 可能出现子带间干扰问题
				● 吞吐量大	● 滤波操作复杂度较高
				● 频谱利用率高	● 时延较大
				● 同步信令开销小
FBMC	低移动性、多无人机	是	否	● 抗多径干扰能力较强	● 对频偏和时域扩展比较敏感
				● 可多点同步，同步信令开销较小	● 时延大
				● 吞吐量大
OTFS	高移动性	是	是	● 避免频偏问题	● 复杂度高
				● 抑制符号间干扰	● 时延大
				● 谱效较高
				● 能耗低
通感一体	载荷轻量化、资源受限	—	—	● 时延小	● 传输速率较低
				● 能耗低	● 抗干扰、安全性较差
				● 简单易实现	● 尚在起步阶段
				● 高频谱利用率

面向有人/无人协同的智能通信与组网关键技术：现状与趋势

Intelligent communication and networking key technologies for manned/unmanned cooperation: states-of-the-art and trends

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