基于SSPP技术的家庭网络多波束天线技术研究及应用

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2023.00321

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大带宽、广覆盖、低时延和抗干扰的高品质家庭无线网络是保障光纤入房（FTTR, fiber to the room）千兆光网用户体验的关键指标，传统家庭网络设备主要采用单波束单极化天线设计，在大衰减、强干扰背景下已经越来越无法满足高品质的网络产品需求。天线作为实现传导能量与空口电磁波变换必不可少的部件，利用其设计自由度可以实现多重功能。高增益能降低射频端的功耗需求，达到节能的目的，多波束能保持无死角的高性能网络覆盖，因此研究设计小尺寸、高增益且用法灵活的多波束天线价值巨大。紧跟实际工程痛点和当前学术研究方向，瞄准家庭网络产品设计开发了一种基于人工表面等离激元（SSPP, spoof surface plasmon polariton）技术的家庭网络多波束天线，覆盖Wi-Fi的5.1～5.9 GHz频段。实际测试验证表明，基于SSPP技术的天线设计能够获得更好的覆盖性能，相比传统小天线，在穿墙、跨层等弱信号场景下具有明显优势，在小型化的家庭网络产品中具有极大的应用前景。

关键词: 家庭网络, 多波束, 高增益, 人工表面等离激元

Abstract:

High-quality home wireless network with large bandwidth, wide coverage, low latency and anti-interference is the key indicator to ensure user experience of fiber to the room (FTTR) Gigabit optical network.Traditional home network equipment mainly adopts single-beam single-polarized antenna design, which has become increasingly unable to meet the needs of high-quality network products under the background of large attenuation and strong interference.Antenna, as an indispensable component to realize conduction energy and air-interface electromagnetic wave transformation, can realize multiple functions by using its design freedom.High gain can reduce the power consumption of the radio frequency (RF) side to achieve the purpose of energy saving, and multi-beam can maintain high-performance network coverage without dead ends.Therefore, designing a multi-beam antenna with small size, high gain and flexible usage is of great value.Following the practical engineering and current academic research, a multi-beam antenna based on spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) technology, covering the 5.1～5.9 GHz frequency band of Wi-Fi, was designed for home network products.Compared with traditional antennas, the test results of the antenna based on SPSS technology show that the coverage performance of the network in weak signal scenarios such as through-wall and cross-layer scenarios is improved greatly.It has great application prospects in increasingly miniaturized home terminal products.

Key words: home network, multi-beam, high gain, spoof surface plasmon polaritons

中图分类号:

TN919

石胜兵, 邵金进, 石操. 基于SSPP技术的家庭网络多波束天线技术研究及应用[J]. 物联网学报, 2023, 7(3): 85-94.

Shengbing SHI, Jinjin SHAO, Cao SHI. Research and application of multi-beam antenna technology for home network based on SSPP technology[J]. Chinese Journal on Internet of Things, 2023, 7(3): 85-94.

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IEEE 802.11物理层协议	发布时间	频率/GHz	最大带宽/MHz	每条流的最大速率/(Mbit·s^-1)	MIMO支持
11n (Wi-Fi 4)	2009年10月	2.4/5	40	150	4
11ac (Wi-Fi 5)	2013年12月	5	160	866.7	8
11ax (Wi-Fi 6)	2020年1月	2.4/5/6	160	1 201	8
11be (Wi-Fi 7)	—	2.4/5/6	320	1 875	16

天线形式	尺寸	增益/dBi	波束个数/个	覆盖范围	成本
文献[30]	0.4 λ×0.128 λ×0.128 λ	2.1	1	水平360°	中
文献[31]	3.3 λ×0.22 λ×0.07 λ	8.2	1	水平360°	低
文献[32]	1.62 λ×0.53 λ×0.02 λ	7.58	1	定向15°	低
文献[20]	0.612 λ×0.612 λ×0.06 λ	4.11	1	水平360°	高
本文	2 λ×0.28 λ×0.01 λ	4.49/6.24	3	水平360°+上下垂直90°	低

对比项	SSPP天线系统	小天线系统
性能	★★★	★★☆
天线数量/根	4	8
复杂度	★	★★
成本	★	★★☆

多波束技术方案	优点	缺点
机械扫描技术	波束增益高、波束调控角度大	扫描速度慢、尺寸大、成本相对高、不适合多用户场景
射频开关技术	波束切换速度快、抗干扰能力强	布局空间大、成本稍高、不适合多用户场景
特征模技术	集成度高、布局空间小、成本低	波束增益低、波束调控能力差、抗干扰能力差
SSPP技术	波束增益高、集成度高、布局空间小、波束切换速度快、成本低	抗干扰能力差