The two potential orientations that are scientific research and social application, in big data studies, and their relationship were clarified. In light of this, the chances, challenges that big data brings and its weakness towards social studies were explored. Based on specifying the three properties of big data as statistical numbers, as social processes, and as technical functions, their respective positions of different disciplines in big data-based social studies, and both the difficulties and their sources in cooperation between different disciplines were shed light on.