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20 June 2023, Volume 4 Issue 2

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Special Issue: Satellite Internet Security Technology

Endogenous Security for the Space-Integrated-Ground Information Network in 6G

Xinsheng JI, Kaizhi HUANG, Jiangxing WU, Yajun CHEN, Wei YOU

2023, 4(2):  2-12.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2023014

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The space-integrated-ground information network in 6G is facing security challenges due to its characteristics, such as the high exposure of the network, high-speed movement of nodes, limited computing resources.Moreover, new security issues are certainly introduced in the development of new architectures, new applications, new technologies and so on.It is urgent to propose new universal security theories to overcome safety and security threats by the integrated solutions.For this purpose, this paper first expounded the cyberspace endogenous security and proposed its endogenous security architecture.Then, under the guidance of the cyberspace endogenous security theory, the relevant security theory and practice norms were respectively discussed for onboard systems, 6G ground mobile networks, and satellite-ground links.Finally, the authentication and encryption mechanism of the communication and security integration from the aspects of security authentication and high security communication encryption, and the integration of traditional security technology and endogenous security were analyzed.

Research on LEO Satellite Network Routing Security

Wenhao XUE, Tian PAN, Chengcheng LU, Fan YANG, Tao HUANG, Yunjie LIU

2023, 4(2):  13-23.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2023015

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The design of secure mechanisms and failure recovery mechanisms for inter-satellite routing has become pivotal in maintaining dependable communication within the LEO satellite network.To address the potential security threats faced by satellite networks, the impact of different routing attack behaviors on a typical inter-satellite routing protocol was analyzed and differentiated packet security authentication mechanisms and link failure recovery mechanisms were designed.Additionally, a satellite network emulation platform based on virtualization technology was constructed, enabled the verification of the effectiveness of the designed inter-satellite routing security mechanisms through the emulation of various routing attack scenarios.Furthermore, performance metrics such as CPU utilization and packet processing time were also evaluated before and after the introduction of security mechanisms.Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed inter-satellite routing security mechanism effectively mitigated multiple security threats in the space network environment while reduced communication latency caused by sudden link failures, thereby ensured secure and reliable communication within the LEO satellite network.

Interference and Protection in Satellite Laser Communication

Chenzhe LAO, Jianfeng SUN

2023, 4(2):  24-30.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2023016

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In order to explore the safety protection technologies for various external interferences in satellite laser communication, four interference sources in the satellite laser communication link and their principles were introduced, included atmospheric turbulence, space background noise, weak light interference, and strong laser interference.And numerical models commonly used in theoretical analysis of the first two interferences were provided.Weak light interference and strong laser interference, also known as laser active interference, were artificial interference methods.From the scheme of communication, the impact of these four interference sources on coherent and incoherent communication systems was analyzed, and the current mainstream protection technologies for these four interferences under different systems were provided.The characteristics of various protection technologies were compared from versatility, cost, usability and their main application scenarios in satellite laser communication were explained.

Research on Access Authentication and Re-Authentication Mechanism of User Devices in Terrestrial Default Scenario in Satellite Internet

Qiuyu BU, Jin CAO, Lifu CHENG, Ruhui MA, Hui LI

2023, 4(2):  31-46.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2023017

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For the current user device access authentication mechanism requires ground participation to bring about large communication delays and poor scalability, a user device access authentication and re-authentication protocol in the ground default scenario in the space-ground integrated network was proposed, and further for the user device authentication process may occur in the power outage reconnection and AV asynchronization and other problems, a user device fast authentication mechanism and AV fast security synchronization mechanism under power failure reconnection scenario were proposed to ensured that users could safely accessed the satellite network and obtain related services.In the proposed scheme, the AV vector generated in the initial access authentication was used to assisted the re-authentication process to completed the authentication between entities without the involvement of the network control center, which guaranteed the communication system resilience.The formal verification tool Scyther showed that the proposed protocol was resistant to common protocol attacks, guaranteed the confidentiality and integrity of the communication process, and had a small signaling, computational, and bandwidth overhead, made it suitable for the satellite internet.

Research on Satellite Internet Security Simulation Test Technology

Hao LI, Linjie ZHANG, Yifei ZHANG

2023, 4(2):  47-54.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2023018

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Aiming at the challenges of continuous evolution of large-scale systems, massive attack data management and control, and flexible implementation of diversified test tasks, a system architecture and technical structure based on software-defined network and cloud platform were proposed.Key technologies such as high-fidelity large-scale network element simulation, high concurrent traffic generation, and dynamic choreography of security service chain based on SDN were studied in depth, and solutions were proposed.The experimental results showed that these three technologies were innovative and could be applied to the construction of the integrated simulation test platform.

Design of the Monitoring System for Communication Satellite Information Security Based on Spaceborne Network Probe

Mingjian WANG, Dandan FAN, Xiaoshen XU, Meng LI

2023, 4(2):  55-61.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2023019

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To enhanced the information security protection capability of communication satellites and solved the information security monitoring problem of the system under the condition of limited on-board resources, based on the comparison of some typical information security protection designs, this paper summarized the characteristics and security threats of the communication satellites, analyzed the constraints on improved security protection capabilities, then proposed a sort of collecting satellite security data by using space based probe technology, built data analysis platform and integrated monitoring system based on the ground system, which could realized the system security status monitoring and security alarm on the premise of ensuring the normal operation of the satellite business and low resource occupancy.At last the actual operation of the system was analyzed and verified.

Studies

Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network Architecture and Transmission Optimization Technology

Siqi HUANG, Deze ZENG, Yuepeng LI, Liangyu ZHANG, Feng GAO

2023, 4(2):  62-70.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2023020

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With the continuous expansion of application requirements, how to provide efficient networking services in a heterogeneous networking environment integrating space, space and ground have become a new problem.Through the analysis of the application scenarios and technical requirements of the future space-air-ground integrated network, a space-air-ground integrated network architecture based on a software-defined network was proposed to met the requirements of rapid response and collaborative processing.At the same time, it briefly expounded on its main components and transmission optimization technology.Then, the development trends and challenges of the software-defined space-air-ground integrated network architecture were summarized and prospected, which provided a reference for the future development of an space-air-ground integrated network.

Survey on Giant Constellation Cloud Network Integration

Dan ZHANG, Jingjing LI, Tian LIU, Sunjie TAO, Ziping LYU

2023, 4(2):  71-81.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2023021

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Thanks to the development of aerospace technology and the rise of concepts such as cloud computing and edge computing, cloud network convergence networks based on giant constellations are expected to become an important part of the integrated construction of star-ground and 6G global communication networks.Unlike terrestrial communication networks, constellation network topology is highly dynamic and time-varying, with strong resource and link heterogeneity, and other characteristics that pose challenges for cloud network convergence.The characteristics of giant constellations and the development status of terrestrial cloud network convergence was summarized, the urgent needs and challenges of cloud network convergence in giant constellations were analyzed, and the innovation of satellite internet cloud network convergence architecture, the use of resource virtualization technology, information sensing and routing path planning based on artificial intelligence algorithms, and cloud computing and edge collaborative computing were potential directions for future satellite-based cloud network convergence technology development direction were further pointed out.

Simulation Method for Frequency Compatibility between LEO Constellation Communication System and Ground IMT Service System

Dong ZHAO, Hong CHEN, Yiang QIN, Hui LI, Wenyue LI

2023, 4(2):  82-92.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2023022

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In response to the compatibility analysis of frequency sharing between low orbit constellations and IMT systems in recent years, which has caused large-scale differences in time and spatial dimensions between the two systems, a simulation modeling method was proposed that added a mapping relationship between micro and macro systems used spatiotemporal conversion as a means of modeling on the basis of traditional space business system and ground IMT system modeling and simulation.

Applications

Application Status and Analysis of Starlink Constellation

Yu WANG, Qing LI, Kejun LI, Changlin JIANG, Ye WANG, Yong JIANG, Mingwei XU

2023, 4(2):  93-102.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2023023

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Starlink, asatellite broadband constellation operated by SpaceX, is currently the most influential and promising LEO broadband satellite constellation.With the expansion of the constellation deployment, its high-frequency launch and batch deployment of satellites, provision of diversified satellite broadband services, rapid growth of global user terminals, as well as potential support and capability enhancing for military are manifesting gradually.Firstiy, the current status of Starlink's on-orbit operations were analyzed, and its internet services with other satellite broadband service providers was compared.Then, the application characteristics and technical challenges of Starlink's inter-satellite laser links were focused on, and Starlink's military application progress and the evolution trend were discussed.Finally, the comprehensive application advantages Starlink offers, and technical challenges faced by Starlink were summarized, which could served as a stepping stone for the design of our country's satellite network.Overall, the construction and application of a mega LEO constellation like Starlink involves the chain integration of a series of component, ranging from satellite design and industrialized production, satellite launch facilities, constellation operation and maintenance, satellite networking, toglobal ground station supporting, rather than just the satellite platforms.

Application of the Power Grid Business Carrying on Low Earth Orbit Broadband Satellite Internet

Liang ZHU, Shaobo QI, Bo YANG, Bingyu XU, Zifan LI, Shijie ZHANG

2023, 4(2):  103-113.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2023024

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LEO (Low-earth-orbit) broadband satellite internet can provide a lot of user with all-time network coverage, broadband access and information transport service, which has the advantage of high capacity, broad band, low delay and high elasticity as space information network.This made the application service in vertical industry based on LEO satellite network become research hotspots.Based on the research and analysis of power grid communication demand, the application solution of power industry based on LEO broadband satellite internet were proposed, focused on three core business of power grid, included the power grid construction, power grid operation, and emergency rescue.Also, the design of system composition, workflow, and satellite terminal architecture were researched.Further, the transmission performance, continuous communication, and service switching of mobile satellite terminal were tested based on LEO broadband satellite network, which could provided low delay and high capacity for remote data transmission.The result was consultant significance for future application development and engineering implementation in power industry.