区块链在数据流通中的应用

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-0271.2018001

Abstract

Abstract:

Circulation of big data is a key link in the value creation of data,but there are numerous problems to be solved.Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology,which can be applied in data circulation by its decentralizing and immutable property.The main idea of authorized deposit certificate,data traceability and smart contract using blockchain was discussed,and the overall architecture of data circulation by blockchain was proposed.Finally,some applications and other data security solutions were introduced.

Key words: blockchain, data circulation, smart contract

CLC Number:

TP315

Shu YAN, Sude QING, Kai WEI. Application of blockchain in data circulation[J]. Big Data Research, 2018, 4(1): 3-12.

Figures/Tables 6

算法名称	最小节点数	容错率	简述	特点
PBFT	4	f/(3f+1)	可应对f个节点的丢弃响应、伪造数据、故意返回错误、对不同节点不同响应的欺诈行为	优点：共识即确认，交易确认时间短、效率高；缺点：需要预知节点数量，去中心化程度不如POW
BFT-Raft	4	f/(3f+1)	在 Raft算法基础上加入投票签名与请求、响应签名，不完全相信主节点数据，每个节点需要一个非主节点请求确认，可防止节点欺诈，易于理解实现	优点：共识即确认，交易确认时间短、效率高；缺点：算法需要预知节点数量，去中心化程度不如POW
POW	1	依赖算法难度与参与节点运算能力	采用散列算法，使用多个变换的输入，暴力计算某个符合要求的散列值，并且散列值不小于256 bit，通过计算一个随机数，得出符合要求的散列，根据散列值不可逆的特点，除了暴力计算外，没有其他办法运算，所以如果获得符合要求的散列，则说明在概率上付出了对应的算力，从而证明节点确实做了某项工作，该算法在节点数越多的情况下欺诈的成本越高	优点：完全去中心化，节点自由进出；缺点：暴力造成大量的资源浪费、共识达成的周期较长
POS	3	依赖算法难度与参与记账节点的运算能力及记账节点所占的权重	在POW基础上加入节点权重，引入代币作为权重依据，根据每个节点所占权重的比例和时间，等比例地降低POW难度，从而加快找随机数的速度	优点：减少参与验证和记账节点的数量，可加快共识周期；缺点：依赖于代币
委任权益证明机制	3	依赖算法难度与参与记账节点的运算能力和记账节点所占的权重	在POS的基础上，每个节点根据权重，投票选出一定数量的节点，代替其进行验证和记账	优点：进一步减少验证和记账节点的数量，可以达到秒级的共识验证缺点：依赖于代币

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Application of blockchain in data circulation

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