集群网络密钥管理方案研究综述

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2022082

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着人工智能和通信网络技术快速发展，集群智能越来越受到重视，集群网络作为集群智能重要组成部分，信息安全交互问题备受关注，集群密钥管理成为该领域的研究热点。近年来，研究者对集群密钥管理研究的不断深入，提出了很多集群密钥管理方案，为复杂的集群网络体系进行信息安全交互提供了有效解决思路，但缺乏系统性的概括论述。对现有集群密钥管理方案进行了分析和总结，并探讨了集群密钥管理未来研究方向和应用场景。介绍了包括控制层、簇头层、节点层的典型三层集群网络模型，指出集群网络具有数量规模较大、动态拓扑变化、分层分簇异构的网络特性；根据密钥管理策略和集群网络场景，按照网络部署前和网络部署后归纳了集群密钥管理流程，并从安全性、效率、灵活性3方面分析了密钥管理评价指标；重点论述了预分配管理、愈合管理、动态管理3种密钥管理方案，并分析了不同类型方案的基本思路和优缺点，从技术基础、安全优势、灵活优势、效率优势4方面对不同方案性能进行了对比总结；从跨域异构、集群认证、愈合机制、技术融合4方面对集群密钥管理相关的研究热点进行了展望，并探讨了集群密钥管理在泛在物联、全域作战、智慧城市3个未来应用场景中的重要安全作用。

关键词: 集群网络, 密钥管理, 信息安全, 集群认证, 愈合机制

Abstract:

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and communication network technology, increasing attention has been paid to cluster intelligence.Cluster network is an important part of cluster intelligence, the security of information interaction has attracted much attention, and cluster key management has become a research hotspot in network information security.In recent years, many cluster key management schemes have been proposed, which provide effective solutions for information security interaction of complex cluster network systems.The existing cluster key management schemes were analyzed and summarized, and the future research direction and application scenarios were discussed.The typical three-layer cluster network model was introduced, including the control layer, cluster head layer and node layer.The characteristics of cluster network were summarized, such as large number and scale, dynamic topology change, and hierarchical cluster heterogeneity.According to the key management strategy and cluster networking scenarios, the cluster key management process before and after the network deployment was summarized.The key management evaluation index was analyzed from the aspects of security, efficiency, and flexibility.Then, three key management schemes including pre-distribution management, healing management and dynamic management were discussed.Their basic ideas, advantages and disadvantages were analyzed, and their performance from the aspects of techniques, security, flexibility, and efficiency was compared.Besides, the research hotspots related to cluster key management were prospected from cross-domain heterogeneity, cluster authentication, healing mechanism, and technology fusion.The security function of cluster key management in future application scenarios such as ubiquitous IoT, all-domain operation, and smart city was discussed.

Key words: cluster network, key management, information security, cluster authentication, healing mechanism

中图分类号:

TP309

刘军, 袁霖, 冯志尚. 集群网络密钥管理方案研究综述[J]. 网络与信息安全学报, 2022, 8(6): 52-69.

Jun LIU, Lin YUAN, Zhishang FENG. Survey of key management schemes for cluster networks[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2022, 8(6): 52-69.

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文献	针对问题	技术基础	安全优势	灵活优势	效率优势
张记等^[25]	t-security	转化三元多项式	抗毁性	可拓展性	CM计算开销↓
		Hash 函数	抗共谋攻击		CM存储开销↓
贺智明等^[26]	t-security	Blom矩阵	抗毁性	连通性（100%）	CM存储开销↓
	孤点现象	Hash 函数	抗共谋攻击		CM计算开销↓
赵然等^[27]	1-affect-n	对称多项式	抗毁性	连通性（100%）	CM存储开销恒定
		LU矩阵	抗共谋攻击	可拓展性
Chakavarika等^[29]	t-security	对称多项式	抗毁性	可拓展性	CH存储开销↓
	多项式系数存储空间	异或运算			CH计算开销↓
Krishnappa等^[31]	流量分析攻击	LEACH分簇	抗毁性	连通性	能耗开销↓
	生命周期	随机概率		可伸缩性
Kumar等^[32]	节点资源有限	组合设计	抗毁性	连通性	CH存储开销↓
		Bloom filter	抗窃听攻击	可伸缩性
陈虹旭等^[33]	1-affect-n	双变量多项式	抗毁性	可拓展性	计算开销↓
	计算复杂度				CM存储开销恒定
Premamayudu等^[34]	网络弹性	密钥生成矩阵	抗毁性	连通性（100%）	存储开销↓
	节点间密钥安全	异或运算		可伸缩性	通信开销↓
				可拓展性	CM计算开销↓

文献	愈合机制	技术基础	安全优势	效率优势
李德全等^[50]	自愈	椭圆曲线	抗欺骗攻击抗重放攻击	通信开销↓
		Hash 函数	抗被动攻击节点撤销	计算开销↓
			前向安全性后向安全性
Agrawal等^[51]	自愈+互愈	中国剩余定理	身份认证抗欺骗攻击	存储开销↓
		Hash 函数	抗共谋攻击（mt）抗重放攻击	通信开销↓
		伪随机函数	前向安全性后向安全性	计算开销↓
Guo等^[52]	自愈	t次多项式	多项式因子分解攻击抗共谋攻击（mt）	存储开销↓
		Hash函数	前向安全性（mt）后向安全性	通信开销↓
Tsitaitse等^[53]	自愈	指数多项式	抗共谋攻击（mt）后向安全性（mt）	存储开销↓
			前向安全性（mt）	通信开销↓
Li等^[54]	互愈	区块链	身份认证抗毁性	计算开销↓
		Hash 函数	抗欺骗攻击抗重放攻击	通信开销↓
			抗抑制攻击	时间开销↓
Vadlamudi等^[55]	自愈	MDS码	抗毁性抗共谋攻击	计算开销↓
		Hash 函数	前向安全性后向安全性（mt）
代紫梦等^[57]	自愈+互愈	指数多项式	抗共谋攻击（mt）后向安全性（mt）	存储开销↓
		Hash函数	前向安全性（mt）	通信开销↓
		拉格朗日插值法
Chien等^[58]	自愈	系统分组码	身份认证抗毁性	计算开销↓
		Hash 函数	抗共谋攻击前向安全性	通信开销↓
			后向安全性

文献	技术基础		安全优势	灵活优势	效率优势
Chella等^[67]	余弦函数	身份验证	节点撤销	连通性	通信开销↓
	角度运动	抗毁性	前向安全性	可伸缩性	计算开销↓
		后向安全性
Seo等^[68]	椭圆曲线	节点撤销	抗毁性	可伸缩性	通信开销↓
	Hash函数	抗欺骗攻击	前向安全性		计算开销↓
		后向安全性
梁濛^[69]	椭圆曲线	身份认证	抗毁性	连通性（100%）	存储开销↓
	Hash函数	抗重放攻击	抗DoS攻击	可伸缩性	计算开销↓
	TOPSIS 算法	抗欺骗攻击	抗共谋攻击(mt)		能耗开销↓
Athmani等^[70]	动态矩阵密钥	身份验证	抗毁性	可伸缩性	存储开销↓
		抗欺骗攻击	抗重放攻击		计算开销↓
		前向安全性	后向安全性		能耗开销↓
Wang 等^[71]	二次多项式	节点撤销	抗共谋攻击	连通性（100%）	存储开销↓
	拉格朗日插值多项式	抗毁性	前向安全性	可伸缩性	计算开销↓
		后向安全性
Yousefpoor等^[72]	Mamdani模糊推理机制	节点撤销	抗毁性	可伸缩性	通信开销↓
		前向安全性	后向安全性		存储开销↓
					能耗开销↓
Kumar等^[74]	收敛递归公式	节点撤销	抗毁性	连通性（100%）	存储开销↓
	Hash密钥链	抗重放攻击	抗复制攻击	可伸缩性	通信开销↓
				可扩展性
Arumugam等^[75]	公私钥对	身份认证	抗毁性	连通性	存储开销↓
	Hash函数	抗重放攻击	抗欺骗攻击	可伸缩性	能耗开销↓
		抗窃听攻击	抗黑洞攻击
		前向安全性	后向安全性