基于GRU的智能手机多场景步态认证

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2022060

Abstract

Abstract:

At present, most of the gait-based smartphone authentication researches focus on a single controlled scenario without considering the impact of multi-scenario changes on the authentication accuracy.The movement direction of the smartphone and the user changes in different scenarios, and the user’s gait data collected by the orientation-sensitive sensor will be biased accordingly.Therefore, it has become an urgent problem to provide a multi-scenario high-accuracy gait authentication method for smartphones.In addition, the selection of the model training algorithm determines the accuracy and efficiency of gait authentication.The current popular authentication model based on long short-term memory (LSTM) network can achieve high authentication accuracy, but it has many training parameters, large memory footprint, and the training efficiency needs to be improved.In order to solve the above problems a multi-scenario gait authentication scheme for smartphones based on Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU) was proposed.The gait signals were preliminarily denoised by wavelet transform, and the looped gait signals were segmented by an adaptive gait cycle segmentation algorithm.In order to meet the authentication requirements of multi-scenario, the coordinate system transformation method was used to perform direction-independent processing on the gait signals, so as to eliminate the influence of the orientation of the smartphone and the movement of the user on the authentication result.Besides, in order to achieve high-accuracy authentication and efficient model training, GRUs with different architectures and various optimization methods were used to train the gait model.The proposed scheme was experimentally analyzed on publicly available datasets PSR and ZJU-GaitAcc.Compared with the related schemes, the proposed scheme improves the authentication accuracy.Compared with the LSTM-based gait authentication model, the training efficiency of the proposed model is improved by about 20%.

Key words: continuous authentication, gait behavior, multi-sensor, GRU

CLC Number:

TP393

Qi JIANG, Ru FENG, Ruijie ZHANG, Jinhua WANG, Ting CHEN, Fushan WEI. GRU-based multi-scenario gait authentication for smartphones[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2022, 8(5): 26-39.

Figures/Tables 8

References 30

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放置部位	步态场景		GRU			LSTM
放置部位	步态场景	准确率	EER	AUC	准确率	EER	AUC
	步行	94.41%	6.45%	97.33%	92.47%	8.62%	95.26%
左口袋	慢跑	95.68%	5.32%	98.73%	95.53%	3.91%	98.82%
	上楼	89.05%	13.21%	88.34%	90.17%	14.22%	90.41%
	下楼	87.42%	12.65%	82.12%	87.50%	13.86%	83.77%
	步行	94.41%	12.72%	93.65%	92.47%	13.31%	92.38%
右口袋	慢跑	95.90%	4.91%	99.52%	95.64%	2.49%	98.72%
	上楼	89.66%	16.73%	92.33%	87.27%	15.62%	87.54%
	下楼	82.74%	14.24%	83.98%	82.97%	14.73%	84.13%
	步行	95.26%	4.48%	98.79%	94.90%	6.42%	97.53%
腕部	慢跑	93.22%	3.91%	98.89%	97.99%	3.83%	98.92%
	上楼	88.74%	14.11%	87.25%	88.68%	15.12%	88.33%
	下楼	84.73%	15.98%	82.54%	85.92%	16.23%	81.77%
	步行	93.82%	12.34%	94.21%	89.86%	12.17%	94.78%
上臂	慢跑	97.03%	3.47%	98.97%	96.73%	6.38%	97.35%
	上楼	89.90%	13.92%	87.88%	90.21%	14.17%	86.31%
	下楼	85.95%	15.42%	83.47%	87.20%	15.66%	82.79%
	步行	96.34%	6.71%	96.89%	95.47%	6.39%	97.22%
腰部	慢跑	93.43%	4.23%	98.92%	93.60%	7.21%	96.54%
	上楼	96.37%	2.76%	98.33%	94.90%	5.91%	96.97%
	下楼	95.85%	4.11%	99.32%	94.09%	6.12%	98.23%

放置部位	会话状态		GRU			LSTM
放置部位	会话状态	准确率	EER	AUC	准确率	EER	AUC
上臂	会话内	85.21%	13.28%	85.74%	86.18%	12.88%	86.08%
	会话间	78.59%	19.86%	79.11%	77.36%	20.13%	78.25%
手腕	会话内	88.47%	10.74%	88.56%	87.25%	11.21%	87.42%
	会话间	80.53%	17.49%	81.22%	81.89%	16.78%	81.68%
骨盆	会话内	93.22%	9.28%	92.88%	93.76%	8.94%	93.41%
	会话间	84.68%	13.77%	85.14%	85.26%	13.16%	85.49%
大腿	会话内	94.58%	8.75%	94.51%	94.31%	9.11%	93.79%
	会话间	88.57%	12.64%	88.79%	88.72%	12.47%	88.90%
脚踝	会话内	91.16%	9.87%	91.49%	91.82%	9.76%	91.73%
	会话间	82.62%	14.50%	81.88%	81.98%	14.69%	81.65%

方案	步态活动	手机放置部位	用户数	准确率
文献[5]	步行、慢跑、上楼梯、下楼梯	固定部位	未公开	85.79%（步行）
				83.70%（慢跑）
				85.00%（上楼梯）
				80.00%（下楼梯）
文献[8]	步行、上楼梯、下楼梯	手持	20	94.86%（步行）
				87.77%（上楼梯）
				89.42%（下楼梯）
文献[1]	步行	左上臂、右手腕、右骨盆、左大腿、右脚踝	153	91.75%
文献[30]	步行	左上臂、右手腕、右骨盆、左大腿、右脚踝	153	95.80%
本文方案	步行、慢跑、上楼梯、下楼梯	左口袋、右口袋、腕部、上臂、腰部	10	96.83%（步行）
				95.66%（慢跑）
				94.96%（上楼梯）
				94.74%（下楼梯）
	步行	左上臂、右手腕、右骨盆、左大腿、右脚踝	153	96.83%

GRU-based multi-scenario gait authentication for smartphones

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