基于最大信息系数的软件缺陷数目预测特征选择方法

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2021025

Abstract

Abstract:

The traditional feature selection method only considers the linear correlation between variables and ignores the nonlinear correlation, so it is difficult to select effective feature subsets to build the effective model to predict the number of faults in software modules.Considering the linear and nonlinear relationship, a feature selection method based on maximum information coefficient (MIC) was proposed.The proposed method separated the redundancy analysis and correlation analysis into two phases.In the previous phase, the cluster algorithm, which was based on the correlation between features, was used to divide the redundant features into the same cluster.In the later phase, the features in each cluster were sorted in descending order according to the correlation between features and the number of software defects, and then the top features were selected to form the feature subset.The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the prediction performance of software defect number prediction model by effectively removing redundant and irrelevant features.

Key words: software defect number prediction, feature selection, maximum information coefficient

CLC Number:

TP311

Guoqing LIU, Xingqi WANG, Dan WEI, Jinglong FANG, Yanli SHAO. Feature selection method for software defect number prediction based on maximum information coefficient[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2021, 37(5): 133-147.

Figures/Tables 11

	full	ReliefF	info	chi2	HFSNFP	FSCR	FSDNP	MIC-TSFS
ant-1.3	0.301 3	0.287 2	0.278 8	0.301 9	0.278 8	0.277 6	0.302 6	0.270 5
ant-1.4	0.281 4	0.281 7	0.275 8	0.287 3	0.276 1	0.270 3	0.264 7	0.270 3
ant-1.5	0.115 7	0.123 1	0.119 8	0.119 3	0.112 9	0.119 7	0.133 6	0.116 2
ant-1.6	0.481 7	0.447 5	0.641 5	0.461 8	0.533 2	0.461 7	0.464 2	0.456 0
ant-1.7	0.370 5	0.598 5	0.551 8	0.398 7	0.463 1	0.459 1	0.422 8	0.398 7
camel-1.0	0.044 2	0.044 2	0.044 2	0.044 2	0.044 2	0.044 2	0.044 2	0.044 2
camel-1.2	1.038 9	1.060 6	1.163 9	1.075 0	1.091 4	1.040 4	1.048 8	1.029 0
camel-1.4	0.477 1	0.506 9	0.522 9	0.463 3	0.482 8	0.494 3	0.478 3	0.466 7
camel-1.6	0.704 4	0.703 2	0.696 0	0.713 7	0.695 9	0.716 5	0.700 3	0.688 8
xerces-1.2	0.281 8	0.261 4	0.263 6	0.281 8	0.270 5	0.268 2	0.275 0	0.277 3
xerces-1.3	0.545 1	0.544 5	0.575 6	0.566 8	0.539 9	0.535 8	0.597 3	0.538 3
ivy-1.1	1.312 1	1.376 5	1.896 2	1.312 9	1.372 0	1.840 2	1.312 9	1.248 5
ivy-1.4	0.082 7	0.070 2	0.082 7	0.082 7	0.078 5	0.082 7	0.082 7	0.091 0
ivy-2.0	0.173 2	0.176 2	0.158 8	0.170 5	0.178 8	0.164 7	0.167 5	0.161 8
mean	0.443 6	0.463 0	0.519 4	0.448 6	0.458 4	0.483 2	0.449 6	$0 . 4327$
Win/Draw/Loss	10/1/3	10/1/3	10/1/3	10/2/2	10/1/3	9/2/3	9/1/4

	full	ReliefF	info	chi2	HFSNFP	FSCR	FSDNP	MIC-TSFS
ant-1.3	0.172 8	0.152 1	0.139 6	0.172 3	0.149 5	0.137 7	0.163 3	0.135 4
ant-1.4	0.135 1	0.153 2	0.129 6	0.146 7	0.144 7	0.144 7	0.118 5	0.143 2
ant-1.5	0.072 5	0.069 5	0.056 4	0.073 7	0.066 0	0.067 8	0.072 5	0.066 0
ant-1.6	0.282 9	0.270 2	0.359 2	0.272 0	0.317 3	0.269 7	0.276 6	0.273 3
ant-1.7	0.204 3	0.383 4	0.275 1	0.225 9	0.286 9	0.284 4	0.253 5	0.226 8
camel-1.0	0.022 6	0.022 6	0.022 6	0.022 6	0.022 6	0.022 6	0.022 6	0.022 6
camel-1.2	0.619 4	0.650 3	0.767 0	0.655 4	0.677 7	0.635 2	0.624 1	0.597 7
camel-1.4	0.255 2	0.287 6	0.280 3	0.240 2	0.272 6	0.287 2	0.265 1	0.243 2
camel-1.6	0.396 2	0.375 6	0.369 1	0.388 4	0.370 7	0.387 6	0.387 8	0.368 3
xerces-1.2	0.122 5	0.096 4	0.098 7	0.122 5	0.105 5	0.107 7	0.112 7	0.118 0
xerces-1.3	0.313 3	0.296 4	0.301 8	0.317 1	0.298 5	0.269 7	0.365 4	0.314 9
ivy-1.1	0.657 1	0.693 5	0.883 9	0.665 1	0.610 6	0.844 5	0.665 1	0.631 6
ivy-1.4	0.042 4	0.033 0	0.045 5	0.042 4	0.038 2	0.042 4	0.042 4	0.050 7
ivy-2.0	0.099 8	0.099 1	0.063 4	0.104 3	0.103 8	0.092 0	0.095 9	0.092 6
mean	0.242 6	0.255 9	0.270 9	0.246 3	0.247 5	0.255 8	0.247 5	$0 . 2346$
Win/Draw/Loss	9/1/4	9/1/4	7/1/6	9/1/4	8/2/4	8/1/5	10/1/3

	full	ReliefF	info	chi2	HFSNFP	FSCR	FSDNP	MIC-TSFS
ant-1.3	0.310 3	0.304 5	0.310 9	0.326 9	0.280 1	0.313 2	0.255 1	0.303 8
ant-1.4	0.314 7	0.286 9	0.275 8	0.264 7	0.275 8	0.264 1	0.264 7	0.297 4
ant-1.5	0.109 1	0.136 7	0.123 1	0.119 8	0.109 4	0.126 4	0.130 1	0.122 8
ant-1.6	0.484 4	0.459 0	0.737 9	0.635 9	0.547 4	0.464 4	0.469 9	0.458 7
ant-1.7	0.398 8	0.595 7	0.585 3	0.598 6	0.449 7	0.448 3	0.421 5	0.418 9
camel-1.0	0.044 2	0.044 2	0.044 2	0.044 2	0.044 2	0.044 2	0.044 2	0.044 2
camel-1.2	1.034 0	1.047 5	1.165 6	1.070 1	1.088 0	1.042 1	1.057 0	1.065 2
camel-1.4	0.496 7	0.506 9	0.544 7	0.596 3	0.495 0	0.508 6	0.515 1	0.494 4
camel-1.6	0.708 5	0.705 3	0.718 1	0.811 0	0.708 4	0.714 4	0.704 5	0.700 2
xerces-1.2	0.309 1	0.261 4	0.259 1	0.261 4	0.270 5	0.275 0	0.272 7	0.302 3
xerces-1.3	0.574 0	0.524 4	0.560 2	0.608 4	0.544 2	0.555 6	0.630 8	0.502 8
ivy-1.1	1.548 5	1.331 4	1.976 5	2.066 7	1.354 5	1.547 7	1.356 8	1.321 2
ivy-1.4	0.078 5	0.070 2	0.078 5	0.074 3	0.078 5	0.074 3	0.082 7	0.091 0
ivy-2.0	0.170 3	0.170 3	0.170 2	0.181 7	0.178 7	0.167 5	0.184 6	0.170 3
mean	0.470 1	0.460 3	0.539 3	0.547 1	0.458 9	0.467 6	0.456 4	$0 . 4495$
Win/Draw/Loss	8/2/4	8/2/4	9/1/4	9/1/4	8/1/5	8/1/5	8/1/5

	full	ReliefF	info	chi2	HFSNFP	FSCR	FSDNP	MIC-TSFS
ant-1.3	0.185 2	0.179 0	0.157 7	0.182 1	0.158 5	0.176 0	0.134 8	0.178 2
ant-1.4	0.201 8	0.162 8	0.132 4	0.118 5	0.147 3	0.151 3	0.118 5	0.187 4
ant-1.5	0.069 2	0.081 3	0.089 8	0.056 4	0.061 0	0.082 9	0.071 4	0.076 0
ant-1.6	0.286 3	0.273 4	0.490 1	0.412 9	0.329 2	0.274 4	0.279 9	0.269 1
ant-1.7	0.220 6	0.386 5	0.327 2	0.392 1	0.271 3	0.274 4	0.250 8	0.247 1
camel-1.0	0.022 6	0.022 6	0.022 6	0.022 6	0.022 6	0.022 6	0.022 6	0.022 6
camel-1.2	0.620 2	0.6369	0.747 2	0.634 4	0.677 7	0.632 2	0.689 7	0.631 6
camel-1.4	0.277 0	0.288 1	0.306 6	0.381 8	0.296 2	0.282 5	0.284 0	0.276 7
camel-1.6	0.412 5	0.379 7	0.395 7	0.497 4	0.389 2	0.390 7	0.393 0	0.386 1
xerces-1.2	0.150 9	0.096 4	0.098 3	0.096 4	0.105 5	0.114 5	0.116 4	0.145 6
xerces-1.3	0.345 0	0.266 6	0.293 6	0.358 5	0.299 0	0.289 0	0.403 7	0.298 8
ivy-1.1	0.695 0	0.624 8	0.922 0	0.997 1	0.603 8	0.788 9	0.674 1	0.610 4
ivy-1.4	0.042 4	0.033 0	0.041 3	0.034 0	0.038 2	0.041 3	0.042 4	0.052 8
ivy-2.0	0.102 8	0.102 8	0.074 8	0.116 2	0.104 0	0.094 8	0.093 1	0.102 8
mean	0.259 4	0.252 4	0.292 8	0.307 2	0.250 3	0.258 3	0.251 7	$0 . 2489$
Win/Draw/Loss	8/2/4	7/2/5	7/1/6	9/1/4	7/1/6	7/1/6	7/1/6

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	full	ReliefF	info	chi2	HFSNFP	FSCR	FSDNP	MIC-TSFS
ant-1.3	0.337 4	0.328 8	0.382 3	0.349 1	0.336 5	0.340 9	0.280 8	0.320 5
ant-1.4	0.367 1	0.314 4	0.363 2	0.308 5	0.336 9	0.319 9	0.376 1	0.352 0
ant-1.5	0.112 5	0.129 7	0.109 2	0.150 9	0.136 4	0.129 7	0.157 0	0.119 4
ant-1.6	0.488 8	0.495 6	0.470 2	0.639 4	0.524 2	0.495 6	0.470 5	0.452 9
ant-1.7	0.459 7	0.537 8	0.470 1	0.653 6	0.447 0	0.435 7	0.422 4	0.437 8
camel-1.0	0.0413	0.041 3	0.041 3	0.041 3	0.041 3	0.041 3	0.041 3	0.041 3
camel-1.2	1.027 5	1.098 1	1.064 3	1.157 3	1.147 3	1.079 9	1.121 0	1.020 7
camel-1.4	0.466 7	0.435 2	0.480 5	0.526 3	0.441 5	0.466 5	0.469 2	0.462 9
camel-1.6	0.689 6	0.663 9	0.694 3	0.694 9	0.658 0	0.661 4	0.691 7	0.731 6
xerces-1.2	0.313 6	0.322 7	0.306 8	0.306 8	0.311 4	0.356 4	0.350 0	0.354 5
xerces-1.3	0.463 3	0.483 7	0.558 3	0.528 4	0.526 4	0.524 1	0.464 8	0.464 3
ivy-1.1	1.973 8	2.012 7	1.972 7	2.048 5	1.905 3	2.054 5	2.045 5	1.891 7
ivy-1.4	0.111 8	0.078 3	0.103 5	0.103 5	0.099 2	0.103 5	0.103 5	0.103 5
ivy-2.0	0.204 3	0.202 9	0.187 3	0.187 9	0.210 4	0.195 9	0.190 2	0.198 9
mean	0.504 1	0.510 4	0.514 6	0.549 7	0.508 7	0.514 7	0.513 1	0.496 6
Win/Draw/Loss	9/1/4	9/1/4	8/2/4	8/2/4	8/1/5	8/2/4	7/2/5

	full	ReliefF	info	chi2	HFSNFP	FSCR	FSDNP MIC-TSFS
ant-1.3	0.201 4	0.199 4	0.254 4	0.222 5	0.219 1	0.203 8	0.159 00.194 1
ant-1.4	0.248 2	0.195 8	0.235 3	0.191 3	0.230 7	0.206 9	0.247 20.230 7
ant-1.5	0.062 9	0.086 9	0.061 3	0.089 2	0.087 4	0.086 9	0.097 10.071 6
ant-1.6	0.255 2	0.281 3	0.249 3	0.366 6	0.284 7	0.287 0	0.270 70.223 6
ant-1.7	0.246 7	0.297 9	0.257 3	0.412 0	0.244 2	0.239 4	0.225 40.224 4
camel-1.0	0.019 7	0.019 7	0.019 7	0.019 7	0.019 7	0.019 7	0.019 70.019 7
camel-1.2	0.588 9	0.663 8	0.596 9	0.732 5	0.709 6	0.650 3	0.684 40.590 8
camel-1.4	0.255 1	0.217 2	0.253 2	0.280 7	0.226 1	0.244 4	0.256 80.233 5
camel-1.6	0.343 3	0.315 4	0.354 9	0.358 9	0.310 3	0.322 5	0.338 80.383 5
xerces-1.2	0.194 8	0.191 1	0.173 6	0.155 2	0.183 9	0.199 8	0.207 80.219 8
xerces-1.3	0.244 9	0.243 1	0.296 9	0.253 0	0.280 6	0.262 7	0.230 40.242 6
ivy-1.1	0.805 8	0.789 8	0.791 2	0.841 9	0.781 9	0.795 0	0.855 60.742 5
ivy-1.4	0.071 5	0.038 0	0.063 2	0.063 2	0.058 9	0.063 2	0.063 20.063 2
ivy-2.0	0.132 9	0.133 9	0.110 9	0.106 5	0.131 7	0.124 3	0.112 50.126 3
mean	0.262 2	0.262 4	0.265 6	0.292 4	0.269 2	0.264 7	0.269 20.254 7
Win/Draw/Loss	9/1/4	8/1/5	9/2/3	8/2/4	8/2/4	8/2/4	7/2/5

	full	ReliefF	info	chi2	HFSNFP	FSCR	FSDNP	MIC-TSFS
ant-1.3	0.460 8	0.509 9	0.430 0	0.535 4	0.601 0	0.393 9	0.486 8	0.460 6
ant-1.4	0.183 2	0.259 1	0.259 1	0.172 5	0.213 1	0.330 7	0.235 0	0.237 2
ant-1.5	0.324 2	0.251 0	0.251 0	0.433 6	0.274 0	0.267 9	0.057 7	0.312 7
ant-1.6	0.778 2	0.781 5	0.792 5	0.784 5	0.730 9	0.771 6	0.773 5	0.787 4
ant-1.7	0.769 4	0.666 8	0.653 1	0.731 4	0.737 9	0.739 0	0.750 9	0.746 5
camel-1.0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
camel-1.2	0.539 8	0.426 6	0.521 2	0.468 3	0.291 7	0.390 7	0.527 3	0.538 8
camel-1.4	0.588 8	0.567 5	0.606 8	0.572 8	0.515 9	0.627 5	0.579 2	0.568 9
camel-1.6	0.598 5	0.579 0	0.572 6	0.594 9	0.564 1	0.454 4	0.596 8	0.599 3
xerces-1.2	0.123 9	0.140 0	0.058 0	0.123 9	0.083 0	0.116 3	0.074 4	0.124 5
xerces-1.3	0.636 4	0.757 6	0.6052	0.539 2	0.759 1	0.641 4	0.564 3	0.647 5
ivy-1.1	0.333 2	0.305 3	0.396 7	0.292 3	0.477 5	0.323 6	0.292 3	0.514 9
ivy-1.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
ivy-2.0	0.372 6	0.364 1	0.345 2	0.405 4	0.311 3	0.300 4	0.385 8	0.348 5
mean	0.407 8	0.400 6	0.392 2	0.403 9	0.397 1	0.382 7	0.380 3	0.420 5

	full	ReliefF	info	chi2	HFSNFP	FSCR	FSDNP	MIC-TSFS
ant-1.3	0.487 0	0.626 2	0.297 8	0.373 8	0.769 9	0.493 9	0.653 7	0.532 0
ant-1.4	0.397 3	0.290 8	0.057 7	0.407 7	0.261 2	0.412 2	0	0.425 9
ant-1.5	0.319 1	0.197 6	0.496 1	0.422 7	0.348 7	0.239 2	0.098 6	0.376 7
ant-1.6	0.753 9	0.782 9	0.594 0	0.689 2	0.720 5	0.769 9	0.773 5	0.784 7
ant-1.7	0.633 5	0.6765	0.552 9	0.691 3	0.737 6	0.748 3	0.752 8	0.739 2
camel-1.0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
camel-1.2	0.548 4	0.488 8	0.284 3	0.446 7	0.373 6	0.444 9	0.525 7	0.529 3
camel-1.4	0.543 1	0.584 7	0.517 5	0.606 5	0.637 7	0.636 7	0.589 6	0.6
camel-1.6	0.626 2	0.587 0	0.578 8	0.559 1	0.583 4	0.558 6	0.593 4	0.602 5
xerces-1.2	0.176 0	0.110 2	0.113 6	0.112 2	0.123 7	0.115 7	0.187 1	0.188 5
xerces-1.3	0.635 2	0.726 4	0.522 6	0.705 0	0.749 2	0.624 5	0.647 9	0.662 8
ivy-1.1	0.438 6	0.614 9	0.589 9	0.507 1	0.652 0	0.518 9	0.484 3	0.637 9
ivy-1.4	0.168 5	0.070 7	0.070 7	0	0	0.070 7	0	0.070 7
ivy-2.0	0.409 4	0.318 4	0.328 9	0.450 7	0.277 0	0.499 0	0.385 8	0.313 6
mean	0.438 3	0.433 9	0.357 5	0.426 6	0.445 3	0.438 0	0.406 6	0.461 7

	full	ReliefF	info	chi2	HFSNFP	FSCR	FSDNP	MIC-TSFS
ant-1.3	0.545 7	0.491 8	0.533 0	0.536 2	0.511 5	0.425 5	0.573 8	0.547 5
ant-1.4	0.272 5	0.369 3	0.320 4	0.235 1	0.284 7	0.352 4	0.214 5	0.292 9
ant-1.5	0.360 4	0.292 6	0.055 6	0.347 6	0.319 4	0.292 6	0.112 2	0.330 0
ant-1.6	0.727 7	0.738 1	0.574 8	0.668 9	0.683 8	0.733 1	0.739 9	0.729 2
ant-1.7	0.676 8	0.636 8	0.573 7	0.652 2	0.690 5	0.672 1	0.669 7	0.662 5
camel-1.0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
camel-1.2	0.532 0	0.497 1	0.463 2	0.490 5	0.473 1	0.528 5	0.475 6	0.517 8
camel-1.4	0.583 1	0.533 4	0.401 1	0.492 4	0.552 5	0.379 9	0.530 5	0.497 9
camel-1.6	0.474 2	0.484 5	0.5	0.505 3	0.512 8	0.508 5	0.453 9	0.486 3
xerces-1.2	0.372 7	0.389 3	0.256 7	0.503 1	0.543 4	0.432 1	0.409 3	0.46 9
xerces-1.3	0.452 1	0.408 8	0.577 3	0.590 2	0.454 8	0.601 9	0.593 6	0.592 6
ivy-1.1	0.515 5	0.582 6	0.600 7	0.536 9	0.499 9	0.490 2	0.553 3	0.597 6
ivy-1.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
ivy-2.0	0.281 8	0.402 6	0.257 9	0.289 0	0.264 0	0.412 6	0.365 7	0.290 4
mean	0.413 9	0.416 2	0.365 3	0.417 7	0.413 6	0.416 4	0.406 6	0.429 6

Feature selection method for software defect number prediction based on maximum information coefficient

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project	Release	#Instance	#Defects	%Defects	Max
ant	ant-1.3	125	33	16%	3
	ant-1.4	178	47	22.50%	3
	ant-1.5	293	35	10.90%	2
	ant-1.6	351	184	26.20%	10
	ant-1.7	754	338	22.30%	10
camel	camel-1.0	339	14	3.80%	2
	camel-1.2	608	522	35.50%	28
	camel-1.4	872	335	16.60%	17
	camel-1.6	965	500	19.50%	28
xerces	xerces-1.2	453	193	15.20%	30
	xerces-1.3	588	1 596	74.30%	62
ivy	ivy-1.1	111	233	56.80%	36
	ivy-1.4	241	18	6.70%	3
	ivy-2.0	352	56	11.40%	3

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