智能反射表面辅助的无线通信系统的物理层安全综述

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2022025

通信学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 171-184.doi: 10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2022025

智能反射表面辅助的无线通信系统的物理层安全综述

卢汉成¹^,², 王亚正¹, 赵丹¹, 罗涛¹, 吴俊³

¹ 中国科学技术大学信息网络实验室，安徽合肥 230027
² 合肥综合性国家科学中心人工智能研究院，安徽合肥 230027
³ 复旦大学计算机科学与技术学院，上海200433

修回日期:2022-01-09 出版日期:2022-02-25 发布日期:2022-02-01
作者简介:卢汉成（1977-），男，湖北通城人，博士，中国科学技术大学副教授，合肥综合性国家科学中心研究员，主要研究方向为智能反射表面辅助无线通信、多媒体通信与网络、无线异构网络中的资源优化等
王亚正（1997-），男，土家族，浙江海宁人，中国科学技术大学硕士生，主要研究方向为智能反射表面辅助无线系统中的性能优化、信道估计、物理层安全等
赵丹（1997-），女，山东临沂人，中国科学技术大学硕士生，主要研究方向为智能反射表面辅助的多基站无线系统、UCN系统
罗涛（1999-），男，安徽合肥人，中国科学技术大学硕士生，主要研究方向为智能反射表面相关无线通信系统
吴俊（1971-），男，湖北天门人，博士，复旦大学教授、博士生导师，主要研究方向为无线网络关键技术、人工智能与机器学习、嵌入式系统软硬件技术等
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划基金资助项目(2020YFA0711400);国家自然科学基金资助项目(U21A20452);国家自然科学基金资助项目(U19B2044)

Survey of physical layer security of intelligent reflecting surface-assisted wireless communication systems

Hancheng LU¹^,², Yazheng WANG¹, Dan ZHAO¹, Tao LUO¹, Jun WU³

¹ Information Network Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
² Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230027, China
³ School of Computer and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China

Revised:2022-01-09 Online:2022-02-25 Published:2022-02-01
Supported by:
The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0711400);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20452);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(U19B2044)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了满足未来无线通信系统高谱效、高能效的要求，智能反射表面（IRS）技术得到了广泛的关注与研究。通过对IRS进行设计优化，能够从不同的角度增强无线通信系统的物理层安全（PLS）。基于此，对现有的IRS增强物理层安全的研究进行整理，从信息理论安全、隐蔽通信、密钥生成等主要方向对现有研究进行了归纳总结，阐述了各研究热点的模型特点和关键方法。最后，对IRS增强的物理层安全进行了总结梳理，并探讨了未来的研究热点方向。

关键词: 智能反射表面, 无线通信系统, 物理层安全

Abstract:

To meet the demand of high spectrum and energy efficiency in future wireless communication systems, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), a promising technology has attracted significant attention.By proper design of IRS, PLS can be boosted from different perspectives.Based on that, current research about IRS-assisted PLS enhancement from various aspects, e.g., information-theoretic secrecy, covert communication, secret key generation and so on, were summarized.The system features and key solutions of the related papers were reviewed and several future research directions were discussed.

Key words: intelligent reflecting surface, wireless communication system, physical layer security

中图分类号:

TN92

卢汉成, 王亚正, 赵丹, 罗涛, 吴俊. 智能反射表面辅助的无线通信系统的物理层安全综述[J]. 通信学报, 2022, 43(2): 171-184.

Hancheng LU, Yazheng WANG, Dan ZHAO, Tao LUO, Jun WU. Survey of physical layer security of intelligent reflecting surface-assisted wireless communication systems[J]. Journal on Communications, 2022, 43(2): 171-184.

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文献	系统模型	优化目标	关键技术
文献[25-27,35,41, 43,48, 53,58,61,62]	单LU、单Eav、MISO	SR 最大化、发送功率最小化、EE 最大化、最差 SR 最大化	BCD、SDR、SDP、AN、Dinkelbach、DNN、SCA、柯西不等式、全双工Jamming
文献[28-30,37-38]	单LU、单Eav、MIMO	SR最大化	FP、MO、MM、MMSE、BCD、AN
文献[34,36,51,55-56,60]	多LU、多Eav、MISO	最小SR最大化、最小SNR最大化、和速率最大化	路径跟踪、ZF、DRL、SCA、ADMM、SDR、AN、惩罚凹凸规划
文献[40,42,50,54]	单LU、多Eav、MISO	发送功率最小化、EE最大化	二阶锥规划、SDP、SDR、CJ、S-procedure、AN
文献[39]	多LU、单Eav、MISO	最小SR最大化	SDR、SCA、IRS选择
文献[31,57]	单LU、单Eav、OFDM	EE最大化、SR最大化	DNN、MM、拉格朗日乘子法
文献[44,52]	NOMA无线系统	发送功率最小化、SR最大化	SDR、SCA、史密斯正交化、AN
文献[32-33,49]	mmWave无线系统	SR最大化	MO、高频信道低秩特性、SDP、SDR、BCD、OMP
文献[45-46]	SWIPT系统	能量采集最大化	SCA、SDR、一阶泰勒展开、序列参数凸逼近
文献[47]	双向通信系统	和SR最大化	凸函数差、GR
文献[59]	UAV通信系统	多用户和SR最大化	DRL-DDPG
文献[86]	CRN系统	EE最大化	SDP、迭代惩罚函数、二阶锥规划、凸函数差
文献[87]	MEC无线系统	发送功率最小化	SDR、Dinkelbach、全双工BS

文献	系统模型	性能指标	研究特点
文献[63]	单LU及单Eav的SISO无线系统	SOP	连续IRS相位；大IRS元件数目；高SNR；渐近分析
文献[64]	单LU及多Eav的SISO无线系统	ESR	离散IRS相位；大IRS元件数目；2种Eav工作模式：协同、不协同；渐近分析
文献[65]	单LU及单Eav的SISO无线系统	SOP	离散IRS相位；标度定理；渐近分析；闭式表达式
文献[66]	单LU及多Eav的SISO无线系统	SOP、ASR	射线模型；莱斯信道；闭式表达式
文献[67]	多LU及单Eav的MIMO无线系统	SOP、PNSC、ASR	连续 IRS 相位；随机几何；2 种场景：存在、不存在直连链路；2种通信系统存在、不存在IRS；渐近分析
文献[68]	2个典型LU及单Eav的SISO-NOMA无线系统	ASR	连续IRS相位；闭式表达式
文献[69]	单LU及单Eav的SISO车通信系统	SOP	连续IRS相位；不依赖于CLT，即小IRS元件数目；闭式表达式
文献[70]	单中心用户及单Eav的SISO-D2D通信系统	SOP、PNSC	连续IRS相位；渐近分析
文献[71]	全双工LU、单Eav的SISO无线系统	IP	连续IRS相位；2种情形：存在、不存在干扰；闭式表达式
文献[72]	多对收发器、单Eav的SISO双向通信系统	ASR	连续IRS相位；标度定理；ASR下界的闭式表达式

文献	系统模型	研究内容	关键技术
文献[74]	无直连链路、单 Willie、一对全双工收发器的MISO/MIMO无线系统	DEP、通信中断概率的分析及闭式表达式；一定隐蔽率及通信中断概率限制下的CR最大化问题	PDD、BCD、空间包围球技术
文献[75]	单Willie、一对收发端的SISO/MISO无线系统	单/多天线Alice系统中，Willie处部分/瞬时CSI情况下的CR最大化问题；4种非完美Alice-Willie级联链路CSI情况对隐蔽通信性能的影响	SCA、SDR、GR、MRT、ZF
文献[77]	单 Willie、2 个接收用户 Bob 与 Roy 的SISO-NOMA无线系统	上/下行NOMA系统DEP的分析；上行NOMA系统Bob处CR最大化问题；下行NOMA系统解码Bob信息CR最大化问题	SDR、SDP、GR
文献[76]	单Willie、一对收发端的SISO无线系统	全CSI已知时，Bob处SNR最大化问题；无法知晓Willie处CSI时，不同IRS反射幅度情况下的SNR最大化问题	PSCA、SCA
文献[78]	单Willie、一对收发端的SISO无线系统	最差情况下期望 DEP 的闭式表达式；联合优化传输概率、传输功率、IRS相位的Bob速率最大化问题	二分搜索法、黄金分割法
文献[79]	单Willie、一对收发端的SISO无线系统	Willie的探测性能分析；仅知晓Willie的数据统计CSI时，一定隐蔽率下中断概率最小化问题	一维搜索法、CVX
文献[88]	单Willie、一对收发端的MIMO无线系统	联合优化传输方差矩阵、IRS相位的CR最大化问题	拉格朗日乘子法、MM
文献[89]	单Willie、一对收发端的MISO无线系统	完美隐蔽条件下的CR最大化问题	SDR、SVD

文献	研究目标	研究内容
文献[80]	存在多个非协同Eav的SISO无线系统中的SKG增强	SKC下界的闭式表达式分析；基于SCA-SDR的最小SKC最大化优化算法
文献[81]	单LU及单Eav的SISO无线系统中的SKG增强	准确SKR的分析；SKR的渐近分析；通过调整IRS元件的切换时间来提升SKR
文献[82]	单LU及单Eav的SISO无线系统中的SKG增强	IRS辅助SKG的流程设计；基于启发式算法和DRL的SKG增强
文献[83]	一次性密码本通信系统中的SKG增强	Eav处CSI未知时，SKR的理论表达分析；基于最优时隙分配算法的SKG增强
文献[90]	单LU及单Eav的SISO无线系统中的SKG协议设计	SKG相关的信道探测协议设计；SKR的上下界分析
文献[84]	存在PCA的MIMO无线系统中的SR增强	导频攻击下的CSI获取；基于MRT/ZF的SR最大化算法
文献[85]	IRS辅助的PCA及其探测与反制	对IRS辅助的PCA的探测；基于多个协同节点传输的CE方法；基于ZF的PLS增强
文献[91]	IRS辅助的导频攻击及SR降低	IRS辅助导频攻击的流程设计；基于数据统计CSI的SR降低算法设计

智能反射表面辅助的无线通信系统的物理层安全综述

Survey of physical layer security of intelligent reflecting surface-assisted wireless communication systems

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