基于审计博弈的安全协作频谱感知方案

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2023238

通信学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 1-14.doi: 10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2023238

• 专题：空天地一体化网络频谱博弈关键技术 •

基于审计博弈的安全协作频谱感知方案

王云涛¹, 苏洲¹, 许其超², 刘怡良¹, 彭海霞¹, 栾浩¹

¹ 西安交通大学网络空间安全学院，陕西西安 710049
² 上海大学机电工程与自动化学院，上海 200444

修回日期:2023-09-27 出版日期:2023-12-01 发布日期:2023-12-01
作者简介:王云涛（1995- ），男，江苏南京人，博士，西安交通大学助理教授，主要研究方向为空天地一体化安全、智能博弈、区块链等
苏洲（1973- ），男，陕西西安人，博士，西安交通大学教授、博士生导师，主要研究方向为无线网络、移动网络、网络空间安全等
许其超（1989- ），男，浙江杭州人，博士，上海大学副教授，主要研究方向为无线网络架构与安全防护等
刘怡良（1990- ），男，江苏徐州人，博士，西安交通大学助理教授，主要研究方向为物理层安全、无线通信安全等
彭海霞（1988- ），女，湖南郴州人，博士，西安交通大学教授、博士生导师，主要研究方向为智能车联网、人工智能、空天地一体化等
栾浩（1982- ），男，陕西西安人，博士，西安交通大学教授、博士生导师，主要研究方向为无线网络、车联网、数字孪生网络等
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(62302387);国家自然科学基金资助项目(62273223);国家自然科学基金资助项目(U23A20276);国家自然科学基金资助项目(62101429);博士后创新人才支持计划基金资助项目(BX20230282)

Secure and collaborative spectrum sensing scheme based on audit game

Yuntao WANG¹, Zhou SU¹, Qichao XU², Yiliang LIU¹, Haixia PENG¹, Hao LUAN¹

¹ School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
² School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China

Revised:2023-09-27 Online:2023-12-01 Published:2023-12-01
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(62302387);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273223);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20276);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(62101429);Postdoctoral Innovative Talent Support Program of China(BX20230282)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对群智协作频谱感知中恶意感知终端的投毒与搭便车攻击，结合事前威慑与事后惩罚机制提出了一种基于审计博弈的新型防御方案。首先，考虑审计预算约束，构建了一种不完全信息下的混合策略审计博弈模型，在协作感知前设置惩罚策略威慑恶意协作者，并在感知数据融合后进行审计进而实施惩罚。其次，设计了链上链下协同的轻量审计区块链模型，其中，审计证据存储在链下数据仓库，其元数据公开发布在审计链上。再次，设计了基于强化学习的分布式智能审计算法，以在动态环境下自适应地计算审计博弈的渐近混合策略均衡。仿真结果表明，相比传统方案，所提方案能快速获取稳定且渐近最优的审计策略，并积极抑制恶意协作者的投毒与搭便车行为。

关键词: 协作频谱感知, 审计博弈, 安全, 区块链, 强化学习

Abstract:

To defend against poisoning attacks and free-riding attacks conducted by malicious sensing terminals in crowd sensing-based collaborative spectrum sensing (CCSS), a novel audit game-based defense scheme was proposed, which combined the pre-deterrence and post-punishment mechanisms.Firstly, considering the audit budget constraint, a mixed-strategy audit game model under incomplete information was designed, which set a penalty strategy to deter malicious collaborators before spectrum sensing, and audited and punished them after the fusion of sensing data.Then, a lightweight audit chain model with on-chain and off-chain collaboration was designed, in which audit evidence was stored in an off-chain data warehouse and its metadata was publicly published on the blockchain.Furthermore, a distributed and intelligent audit algorithm based on reinforcement learning was devised to adaptively seek the approximate mix-strategy equilibrium of the audit game.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can quickly obtain the stable and approximately optimal audit strategies and actively suppress the poisoning and free-riding behaviors of malicious collaborators, in comparison with conventional schemes.

Key words: collaborative spectrum sensing, audit game, security, blockchain, reinforcement learning

中图分类号:

TN92

王云涛, 苏洲, 许其超, 刘怡良, 彭海霞, 栾浩. 基于审计博弈的安全协作频谱感知方案[J]. 通信学报, 2023, 44(12): 1-14.

Yuntao WANG, Zhou SU, Qichao XU, Yiliang LIU, Haixia PENG, Hao LUAN. Secure and collaborative spectrum sensing scheme based on audit game[J]. Journal on Communications, 2023, 44(12): 1-14.

图/表 9

图1

表1

仿真参数"

模型	参数	数值
信道模型^[6]	ι	3.7
	d ₀/m	1
	σ_n/dB	5.5
	P₀/dBm	90
审计模型参数	$ϖ_{1}, ϖ_{2}, ϖ_{3}$	$\frac{1}{3}$
	λ_c	3
	ϕ	3
	λ_r	25
	c	1
	ε	0.001
	x_max	1
	y_max	5.5
	Z	10
	V	11
	χ	$\frac{3}{55}$
PHC模型	$η_{1}, η_{2}$	0.7
	$γ_{1}, γ_{2}$	0.8
	$δ_{1}^{l}, δ_{2}^{l}$	$\frac{1}{50 + \frac{t}{50}}$
	$δ_{1}^{h}, δ_{2}^{h}$	$\frac{2}{50 + \frac{t}{50}}$

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

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基于审计博弈的安全协作频谱感知方案

Secure and collaborative spectrum sensing scheme based on audit game

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