认知无线电网络中四维资源协作的研究现状与未来方向

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2018033

Abstract

Abstract:

Cognitive radio (CR) can improve spectrum utilization by spectrum sharing or cooperation between the primary user and secondary users.It is well known that energy,interference and relay are also three key resources in cognitive radio network (CRN).Energy cooperation or sharing between the primary user and secondary user will further promote energy efficiency.Energy harvesting from RF interference signal can turn bane (interference) into a boon (green energy).Secondary user relay data of the primary user can enhance QoS of the primary user,also get some opportunities for their own transmission.Thus,four resources cooperation (spectrum,energy,interference,relay) in CRN will improve simultaneously both spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency,and also increase throughput and QoS.The overviews for collaborative utilization problems of four key resources in CRN was given.Firstly,collaboration models of four key resources were analyzed.Then,recent research advances were summarized,including three kinds of resources collaborative utilization (both energy harvesting and relay transmission,both energy cooperation and energy harvesting) and four resources collaborative utilization (simultaneous relay transmission,energy harvesting and energy cooperation) in CRN.Further,some potential challenges of four key resources cooperation in CRN were discussed.Finally,some key future research directions was concluded.

Key words: cognitive radio, spectrum sharing, interference harvesting, energy cooperation, information cooperation

CLC Number:

TN929.53

Xianzhong XIE,Ying LUO,Ke YAN,Jiujiu CHEN. Recent advances and future challenges of four key resources cooperation in cognitive radio network[J]. Journal on Communications, 2018, 39(2): 149-163.

Figures/Tables 9

文献	优化目标	主要模型与方法	能量收集类型	能量供应方式
文献[37~39]	频谱检测—能量收集（存储）—数据传输3个阶段处理，最大化次用户吞吐量或系统吞吐量	部分可观测马尔可夫决策过程，折中收集时间、感知时间、传输时间	主用户信号收集能量(主用户信号外的RF能量收集对讨论没有大影响)	单一能量供应，节点整体能量消耗不超过收集的能量
文献[40~42]	若主用户没有信号传输，则次用户传输分组；否则，从主用户信号中收集能量；最大化次用户吞吐量	信道状态的排队模型，机器学习算法，最优信道接入策略	（同上）	（同上）
文献[43~45]	设计适合的随机接入策略（接入概率），最大化平均业务速率	多分组接收模型（MPR），分析能量到达率、传输迟延、MPR 能力对接入性能和业务速率的影响	（同上）	（同上）
文献[46~50]	在能量约束下和主用户检测约束下，最大化次用户可用吞吐量	蜂窝网络中认知 D2D 用户模型，随机几何方法，最优信道接入策略	（同上）	（同上）
文献[51~55]	在主用户 QoS 约束下，最大化收集能量	随机几何方法，优化能量收集、吞吐量、检测时间、截断概率之间的关系	（同上）	（同上）
文献[56~61]	最大化系统吞吐量，平衡能量有效性和频谱有效性	马尔可夫决策过程（MDP），设计帧结构和次用户频谱接入方案	以其他RF信号收集能量为主	单一能量供应，节点整体能量消耗不超过收集的能量
文献[62~68]	频谱检测—能量收集（存储）—数据传输3个阶段处理，最大化次用户吞吐量或系统吞吐量	过去和现在观测信息代替能量收集的预测值，非线性整数方法，优化能量到达率、能量存储率、检测概率	（同上）	（同上）
文献[69~73]	次用户传输端以时分方式处于等待模式和忙模式，保证主用户 QoS 下最大化吞吐量	隐输入马尔可夫模型，优化信道模式选择和接入策略	（同上）	（同上）
文献[74~77]	针对认知无线电传感网络，考虑能量状态变化和能量消耗概率，优化能量管理、频谱管理和资源分配	马尔可夫电池模型，基于李雅普诺夫优化将效用优化模型分解为能量管理、频谱管理和资源分配3个子问题	（同上）	（同上）
文献[78~80]	整体能量消耗不能超过 2 种能量总和，在截断概率约束下最大化加权和速率	随机几何模型和独立同分布的泊松点过程，优化信道分配、传输时间、传输功率	主用户信号及其他RF信号收集能量	2 种以上供能，包括能量收集的能源和传统电网/电池的能源

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技术结合	优势	主要参考文献
1) 能量收集、协作中继（EH+IC+SS）	次用户同时从主用户信号收集能量（EH）、帮助主用户中继其信号（IC），并获得自己的传输机会（SS）和能量补偿；同时主用户还可从次用户中继传输阶段收集能量（EH）	主用户信号收集能量：文献[31,32]
	三维资源协作利用：频谱协作、干扰收集能量、中继协作传输信息	其他RF信号收集能量：文献[33~36]
2) 能量收集、不协作中继（EH+SS）	开始次用户进行频谱检测，若主用户传输信息，则次用户从主用户信号收集能量（EH）；若主用户空闲，则次用户传输信息（SS），这时主用户也可以从次用户信号收集能量（EH）	主用户信号收集能量：文献[37~55]
		其他RF信号收集能量：文献[56~77]
	二维资源协作利用：频谱协作、干扰收集能量	2种以上供能（能量收集的能源和传统电网/电池的能源）：文献[78~80]
3) 能量协作、能量收集（EC+EH+ SS）	在CR/SS网络中，能量收集（EH）受多种因素影响和随机变化，通过主次用户之间能量传输，实现收集能量的协作/共享（EC），进一步提高能量利用率三维资源协作利用：频谱共享协作、干扰收集能量、能量共享协作	一个频率协作/共享：文献[81~88]
		2个频率协作/共享：文献[89]
4) 能量收集、能量协作、协作中继（EC+EH+IC+SS）	在能量收集（EH）和协作中继（IC）结合优势的基础上，进行主次用户间能量协作（EC），进一步提高能量效率，实现绿色通信	文献[90~93]
	四维资源协作利用：频谱共享协作、干扰收集能量、中继协作传输信息、能量共享协作

文献	能量收集（EH）类型	信息协作（IC）方式	主要问题
文献[31~33]	主用户信号收集能量	2 个阶段能量收集和信息传输协议，基于功率分流与时间交换的多种无线能量和信息协作方案	能量收集太简单，没有分析具体能量管理策略，也未考虑频谱检测错误和能量达到率等的影响
文献[34~36]	其他RF信号收集能量	不需要信道信息的Alamouti空时码协作协议，优化次用户存储—检测—传输	需要扩展到其他正交空时码提高效率，未考虑多分组接收能力和模型，对于如何选择次用户协作没有涉及

文献	能量协作方式	能量收集类型	模型与优化方法
文献[81]	一个频率协作	多个天线，功率分流与时间交换收集能量	一个次用户对，2 个阶段能量协作和信息协作，和速率优化与波束成形的相应算法
文献[82~84]	—	多个天线，功率分流收集能量	多个次用户对，3个阶段能量协作和信息协作，和速率优化与波束成形相应算法，分析次用户接入策略
文献[85,86]	—	主用户信号及其他RF信号收集能量	一个次用户对，2种能量共享方案，在主用户吞吐量和次用户能量收集约束下最大化容量
文献[87,88]	—	主用户信号及其他RF信号收集能量	Underlay认知网络，次用户同时传递能量和信息，优化功率传递策略和截断概率
文献[89]	2个频率（正交）协作	主用户信号及其他RF信号收集能量	结合比例公平性，基于总费用最小给出了同时频谱和能量协作方案

文献	能量收集类型	能量协作方式	模型与优化方法
文献[90]	主用户信号及其他RF信号收集能量	一个时隙，主次用户间进行能量和信息同时协作	次用户按泊松点过程分布在2D平面，随机几何方法，主用户QoS约束下最大化次用户的整体吞吐量
文献[91~93]	主用户信号及其他RF信号收集能量	多个时隙，主次用户间进行能量和信息同时协作	保证 QoS 的约束下使网络能量消耗最小化，考虑用户随机到达、分组随机到达、能量环境条件随机变化等因素的影响

Recent advances and future challenges of four key resources cooperation in cognitive radio network

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