面向有人/无人协同的智能通信与组网关键技术：现状与趋势

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2024037

Abstract

Abstract:

The intelligent communication and networking technologies for manned/unmanned cooperation was comprehensively surveyed.Firstly, the requirements on communication and networking were analyzed from the application scenarios of manned/unmanned cooperation.Then, in context of physical layer, link layer and network layer respectively, the key issues regarding channel modeling, waveform design, networking protocol and intelligent collaboration were analyzed.And the states-of-the-art in this research area and the characteristics of representative technologies were deeply studied.In the end, the possible development trends and promising technologies were prospected on the way to make the manned/unmanned cooperative communication and networking more intelligent, more efficient and more flexible.

Key words: manned/unmanned systems, intelligent communication, intelligent networking, swarm intelligence

CLC Number:

TN92

Hao YIN, Jibo WEI, Haitao ZHAO, Jiao ZHANG, Haijun WANG, Baoquan REN. Intelligent communication and networking key technologies for manned/unmanned cooperation: states-of-the-art and trends[J]. Journal on Communications, 2024, 45(1): 1-17.

Figures/Tables 7

References 83

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场景	组网性能需求	信道建模	通信波形	网络架构	网络协议
有人/无人协同热点区域覆盖	大带宽、广覆盖、低功耗	空-空信道、空-地信道	正交频分复用波形、基于滤波的多载波波形、正交时频空间波形	分布式	自组织网络协议
有人/无人协同灾害救援	大带宽、高可靠、低时延	空-空信道、空-地信道	正交频分复用波形、基于滤波的多载波波形、正交时频空间波形	集中式	自组织网络协议
有人/无人协同侦察监视	大带宽、低功耗	空-空信道、空-地信道	正交频分复用波形、基于滤波的多载波波形、正交时频空间波形、通感一体波形	分布式	自组织网络协议
有人/无人协同联合行动	高可靠、低时延	空-空信道、空-地信道、地-地信道	正交频分复用波形、基于滤波的多载波波形、正交时频空间波形、通感一体波形	分层分簇Mesh	自组织网络协议

信道	文献	模型类型	建模方法及模型特点	非平稳性	移动性	信道特征
空-地信道	文献[17]	NGSM MIMO	基于水域上空通信场景 L/C 波段测量结果，建立随机模型，使用 CE2R 模型和多径生灭模型分别表征路径损耗和小尺度衰落	否	否	路径损耗、阴影衰落、多普勒谱
	文献[15]	射线追踪SISO	针对山区通信场景，建立山体物理模型；考虑 LoS 径和一次、二次反射路径，推导路径损耗解析表达式	否	否	路径损耗、功率时延谱
	文献[13]	GBSM MIMO	假设散射体分布于地面端附近的圆柱面上，且同时考虑了收发两端移动性	是	是	信道时空相关函数、平稳区间
	文献[14]	GBSM MIMO	考虑低空无人机通信情况，假设散射体分布于收发端周围，即双圆柱面模型	是	是	信道时变传递函数、空时相关函数
	文献[16]	GBSM MIMO	针对海面通信场景，考虑波导效应造成的多次反射，所建立模型与C波段信道实测数据吻合	是	是	时延拓展、平稳区间间隔
空-空信道	文献[22]	NGSM SISO	基于 L 波段信道测量结果，校准了传播路径上建筑物表面材料的电磁参数；通过广泛的射线追踪模拟结果建立了随机模型	否	否	衰落类型、功率时延谱、多普勒谱
	文献[25]	GBSM SISO	考虑 LoS 径和一次、二次反射分量；支持模拟无人机轨迹和速度的变化	是	是	时频相关函数、多普勒谱

通信波形	多载波	循环前缀	时域正交性	频域正交性	滤波粒度	OOBE
OFDM	是	是	正交	正交	全频带	高
F-OFDM	是	是	非正交	准正交	子带	低
FBMC	是	否	实域正交	实域正交	子载波	较低

通信波形	适用场景	多径补偿	多普勒补偿	优点	缺点
OFDM	低空、低移动性、	是	否	● 误码率较低	● 带来导频开销、功率和带宽
	单无人机			● 抗多径衰落	损失
				● 时延较小
F-OFDM	低移动性、多无人机	是	否	● 误码率低	● 可能出现子带间干扰问题
				● 吞吐量大	● 滤波操作复杂度较高
				● 频谱利用率高	● 时延较大
				● 同步信令开销小
FBMC	低移动性、多无人机	是	否	● 抗多径干扰能力较强	● 对频偏和时域扩展比较敏感
				● 可多点同步，同步信令开销较小	● 时延大
				● 吞吐量大
OTFS	高移动性	是	是	● 避免频偏问题	● 复杂度高
				● 抑制符号间干扰	● 时延大
				● 谱效较高
				● 能耗低
通感一体	载荷轻量化、资源受限	—	—	● 时延小	● 传输速率较低
				● 能耗低	● 抗干扰、安全性较差
				● 简单易实现	● 尚在起步阶段
				● 高频谱利用率

Intelligent communication and networking key technologies for manned/unmanned cooperation: states-of-the-art and trends

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