SenLeash：一种无线传感器网络虫洞攻击约束防御机制

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-436x.2013.10.008

Abstract

Abstract:

The problem of wormhole attacks during neighbor discovery and route discovery phase was studied and a re-stricted mechanism,SenLeash,was presented to restrict the transmission range of messages and hence prevent wormhole attacks in WSN.The SenLeash depends on two factors:the distance of each node to an initial sink node and a chosen re-ceiving distance.To obtain the distance of each node an initial sink node,a RSSI-based measure method nRSSI was proposed.Considering the receiving probability of each node and the maximum retransmission times of the MAC layer,the method of choosing an appropriate receiving distance was discussed.The simulation results demonstrate that the SenLeash can effectively decrease the number of invalidy neighbor nodes and invalidly reply messages caused by worm-hole attacks in WSN.

Key words: wireless sensor network, wormhole attack, neighbor discovery, route discovery, RSSI, receiving probability

Rong-hua HU,Xiao-mei DONG,Da-ling WANG. SenLeash:a restricted defense mechanism against wormhole attacks in wireless sensor network[J]. Journal on Communications, 2013, 34(10): 65-75.

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References 25

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研究工作	机制	方法	同步时钟	位置信息或邻居节点信息	额外硬件设备
Hu等^[6]	防御方法	地理和时间leash	精确的同步时钟；不适合于WSN	对地理leash，每个节点需要知道自己的位置坐标；没有讨论如何获取位置坐标	GPS
Shokri等^[7]	检测方法	使用一致性检测进行安全邻居证实	微妙级的精确同步时钟	假设每个节点已知各自邻居节点信息及对密钥信息	2个网络接口
Wang等^[11]	检测方法	基于MDS 可视化	无	基于 RSS；需要基站获得每个节点的邻居表信息；设计的网络引导方法不能实现免疫虫洞攻击	无
Ozdemir等^[12]	检测方法	基于时间和信任	N/A	需要安全邻居发现机制	无
Khalil等^[14]	检测方法	安全邻居发现和本地监视	无	需要预分配对密钥管理协议；未考虑在预分配对密钥阶段可能受到的虫洞攻击	无
Rasmussen等^[16]	检测和防御方法	radio指纹识别	无	无	指纹设备
本文机制	防御方法	SenLeash	无	基于nRSSI方法获得节点到初始基站距离	无

到sink的距离	估计概率	计算概率
1.897 8	0.999 9	0.999 9
5.731 2	0.884 188	0.884 9
10.136 4	0.384 738	0.385 9
15.194	0.089 609	0.090 1
17.570 9	0.044 104 4	0.047 2

n	c₁	c₂	c₃	c₄	max	mean	variance
49	686	234	67	13	4.1	0.8	0.5
99	823	156	20	1	3.5	0.6	0.3
149	874	122	3	1	3.2	0.5	0.2
199	909	87	4	0	2.4	0.4	0.15

SenLeash:a restricted defense mechanism against wormhole attacks in wireless sensor network

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