Journal on Communications ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 198-210.doi: 10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2021136
• Comprehensive Review • Previous Articles Next Articles
Huiqiang WANG, Kaixuan GAO, Hongwu LYU
Revised:
2021-06-02
Online:
2021-07-25
Published:
2021-07-01
Supported by:
CLC Number:
Huiqiang WANG, Kaixuan GAO, Hongwu LYU. Survey of high-precision localization and the prospect of future evolution[J]. Journal on Communications, 2021, 42(7): 198-210.
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匹配方法 | 方法类型 | 优点 | 缺点 |
KNN | 确定型算法 | 不需要训练、易于实现、性能良好、应用广泛 | 匹配过程需要大量算力,定位结果对K取值敏感,需反复实验 |
极大似然估计法[ | 概率型算法 | 使用统计模型参数估计提升精度 | 需要专业知识预判概率模型,复杂环境难以应对单一概率模型 |
朴素贝叶斯算法 | 概率型算法 | 使每个定位点具有最大后验概率,进一步提升定位精度 | 需在每一个网格内重复采集大量信号 |
SVM算法 | 智能算法 | 适应于“指纹-位置”的非线性映射关系 | 分类效果对核函数的选择敏感,核函数难以选取 |
神经网络算法[ | 智能算法 | 定位精度较高、误差较小、不需要考虑传播模型和概率模型 | 需要复杂的参数调整过程,训练耗时长、代价高 |
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定位原理 | 定位技术 | 实现逻辑 | 优点 | 缺点 |
ToF/ToA | 测量信号单程传播时间,换算成距离,完成定位解算 | 结构简单、易于实现 | 依赖基站间高精度时间同步,需要待测节点与基站时间同步,受NLOS误差影响 | |
基于时间测距 | TDoA | 测量2个基站的信号传播时差,换算成距离差,完成定位解算 | 结构简单、易于实现,待测节点不需时间同步 | 依赖基站间高精度时间同步,受NLOS误差影响 |
RToF | 测量信号在基站与终端间的往返时间,换算成距离,完成定位 | 结构简单、易于实现,进一步降低同步要求 | 受NLOS误差影响,需双向通信,网络通信开销导致额外误差,系统容量有限 | |
基于传播模型测距 | RSSI | 通过信号衰减模型将信号强度换算为传播距离,完成定位解算 | 结构简单、易于实现,不需要时间同步 | 受NLOS误差影响更严重 |
基于相位测角 | AoA/AoD | 测量不同阵元上的相位差,换算成信号到达角度,完成定位 | 不需要时间同步,近距离定位精度高 | 需要阵列天线,增加硬件成本,解算复杂度高,受NLOS误差影响 |
基于指纹匹配 | CSI | 离线采集指纹、在线匹配指纹,直接搜索得到终端位置 | 不需要时间同步,具备一定抗NLOS能力,在线定位阶段复杂度低 | 离线训练阶段耗时长、成本高,环境改变后定位精度显著下降 |
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