Journal on Communications ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 150-158.doi: 10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2020108
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Feng ZHENG1,2,Yijian CHEN3,4,Siwei JI1,2,Gaoming DUAN1,2,Guanghui YU3,4
Revised:
2020-04-24
Online:
2020-05-25
Published:
2020-05-30
Supported by:
CLC Number:
Feng ZHENG,Yijian CHEN,Siwei JI,Gaoming DUAN,Guanghui YU. Research on orbital angular momentum communication technology[J]. Journal on Communications, 2020, 41(5): 150-158.
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产生方式 | 原理 | 优点 | 缺点 | 应用领域 |
螺旋相位板 | 利用平面波经过厚度变化或者介电常数变化的圆形介质板引起相位时延,包括 2 种方案:厚度螺旋增加的介质板和多孔型相位板,实际中也采用多阶梯相位板近似 | 原理简单、成本低 | 用于高频到光波波段,只能产生单一模数 OAM 波,模数较高时轴心部分加工难度大,波束发散角度大,透射损耗大,复用技术方案复杂 | 光通信、无线通信 |
阶梯反射法 | 各个阶梯之间有相位阶跃,当波束入射时,由于这种特殊的阶梯状结构导致反射波不再是平面,成为波前扭曲的涡旋电磁波 | 结构简单 | 只能产生单一模数OAM波,不易小型化 | |
旋转抛物面天线 | 将抛物面反射器改造为具有螺旋抬升的结构 | 保留了抛物面天线的优点,不需要相位控制,波束方向性强 | 只能产生单一模数的OAM波,体积大 | 无线通信 |
阵列天线 | 利用等距圆阵,相邻阵元采用等幅、相位差为 | 理论成熟,可产生多个模数的OAM波 | 馈电结构复杂,高阶模数OAM需要大量天线单元,波束发散角度大,阵元相位误差易导致波前抖动和主瓣宽度增大 | 无线通信 |
反射/透射阵列 | 利用馈源向周期性单元组成的反射/透射面照射,形成OAM波 | 无复杂的馈电网络 | 反射/透射面上单元设计复杂 | 无线通信 |
波导谐振天线 | 方案较多,例如行波谐振天线、介质谐振天线等 | 尺寸小,易集成 | 传输距离较近,离实用尚有差距 | 无线通信 |
电磁超表面天线 | 通过人工设计的亚波长周期性微结构单元改变入射平面波的电磁特性,从而获得反射或透射的OAM波 | 尺寸小,易集成 | 工艺较复杂 | 光通信、无线通信 |
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