物品万维网资源管理框架研究与应用

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2022.00271

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

物品万维网（WoT, Web of things）将万物通过Web相连在一起，实现物品（things）所提供的数据或服务等资源的共享，以充分实现它们的潜在价值。但这些资源分布于各地并且分属于不同组织，基于中央基础设施的 WoT 资源管理机制已无法满足当前应用规模不断扩展、需求快速变化、数据种类不断增加的新形势。针对这些新问题与新需求，提出了一种WoT资源管理框架（WoTRMF, Web of things resource management framework）。首先，在该框架的基础上对资源的分布式管理、资源高效发布与发现、资源的安全高效共享、资源统一管理平台等机制进行综述。接着，针对分布式管理需求，提出了一种基于地理位置的P2P技术以实现WoT应用的高可用性和高效资源管理；针对高效发布/发现需求，提出了基于概率主题的智能化WoT资源发布方法以实现资源的自动化分类及有序发布与存储；针对资源安全访问需求，提出了基于区块链的安全可信WoT资源共享机制。然后，针对资源统一管理需求，给出了该WoT资源管理框架的功能实现模型。最后，通过WoTRMF在智慧城市安全管理中的应用分析了其开放性、灵活性、可扩展性及智能化等特点。

关键词: 物品万维网, 资源管理, 区块链, 概率主题, 管理平台, 智慧城市安全, 数字孪生

Abstract:

Web of things (WoT) connects all things together through the Web and realizes the sharing of resources, such as data or services provided by things, to fully implement their potential value.However, these resources are distributed in various places and belong to different organizations.The WoT resource management based on central infrastructure can no longer meet the new situation of continuous expansion of application scale, rapid changes in demand, and continuous increase of data types.In response to these new problems and new requirements, WoTRMF (Web of things resource management framework) was proposed.Firstly, based on this framework, the WoT resource management mechanism from the following aspects was reviewed, including distributed management of resources, efficient publish and discovery of resources, cost-effective, secure and efficient sharing of resources, and a unified resource management platform.Then, according to the requirement of distributed management, a P2P technology based on geographic location was proposed to realize distributed automatic management of WoT resources, so as to meet the high availability requirements of WoT applications and improve the efficiency of resource management.Aiming at the requirement of efficient resource publishing/discovery, an intelligent WoT resource publishing mechanism based on probabilistic topics was proposed to realize automatic classification and orderly publishing and storage of resources.Aiming at the security access requirements of resources, a secure and trusted WoT resource sharing mechanism based on blockchain was proposed.According to the requirement of unified resource management, the functional implementation model of WoTRMF was given.Finally, through the application case of WoTRMF framework in smart city security management, its characteristics of openness, flexibility, scalability and intelligence were analyzed.

Key words: Web of things, resource management, blockchain, probabilistic topic, management platform, smart city security, digital twin

中图分类号:

TP391

李养群, 张登银. 物品万维网资源管理框架研究与应用[J]. 物联网学报, 2022, 6(2): 50-64.

Yangqun LI, Dengyin ZHANG. Research and application of Web of things resource management framework[J]. Chinese Journal on Internet of Things, 2022, 6(2): 50-64.

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机制	分布式	灵活性	动态性	计费	细粒度	复杂性
ASAM4IoT^[65]	√	√	×	×	√	一般
BAC_SC4IoT^[66]	√	√	中等	×	×	一般
EdgeChain^[67]	√	√	×	一般	√	较高
FairAccess^[68]	√	√	×	×	√	较高
IoTShare^[70]	√	√	×	×	×	较高
RBAC-SC^[72]	√	×	×	×	×	较高
RBAC4WoT^[59]	×	×	×	×	×	较高

机制	效率	准确性	自动化程度	分布式特性	规模	方便性
基于关键词的方法	一般	一般	一般	—	大规模	良好
基于语义的方法	一般	良好	一般	—	一般	较难
文献[82]的方法	一般	良好	无	—	一般	一般
Chord4S^[81]	良好	良好	无	有	大规模	一般
本文方法	良好	良好	良好	有	大规模	方便