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20 June 2018, Volume 34 Issue 6

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Topic:ocean Internet

Marine internet:strategies,tactics and challenges

Shengming JIANG

2018, 34(6):  2-8.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018193

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The marine internet is an extension of the terrestrial internet in the marine environment (underwater,water and air) and its importance is self-evident.However,the huge differences between land and sea make it impossible for the terrestrial internet to directly and seamlessly expand into the marine environment,and lead to some mature network research ideas and design methods becoming inapplicable.The strategic significance,status quo,tactics and major challenges of the marine internet were discussed briefly.

Overview of marine internet

Jun LIU,Fenghao WANG

2018, 34(6):  9-14.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018198

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Marine internet is an extension of the internet in the marine environment.Marine internet is very different from the existing terrestrial internet and needs extensive and in-depth research.Several common network structures in the marine internet were summarized and compared.The existing marine internet services are mainly provided through maritime satellites.Therole of shore-based networks,underwater acoustic communication and underwater acoustic networks in the Ad Hoc networks of the sea were introduced,and how to apply wireless Ad Hoc network technologies to the marine internet was introduced,such as ship Ad Hoc networks,aviation Ad Hoc networks and underwater Ad Hoc networks.From the multiple perspectives of air,water,and underwater,the advantages and disadvantages,limitations,and future development trends of many different networking technologies were analyzed,and possible future networking strategies for the marine internet were proposed .

Analysis on marine monitoring and data service of marine internet

Chao DONG,Yankun CHEN

2018, 34(6):  15-19.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018191

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China has abundant marine resources and provides new ideas for alleviating the shortage of resources.At the same time,natural disasters in the sea caused great economic losses in the coastal areas.Therefore,in the process of marine development and utilization,there is an increasing need for an ocean interconnected information network that can provide real-time marine sampling,environmental monitoring,underwater exploration,and disaster warning applications.Firstly,the characteristics of marine monitoring methods and monitoring data were introduced in detail.Then,taking the oceanography survey of China and the business characteristics of sea-gas CO₂exchange flux monitoring as examples,it was found that in the long-term marine monitoring task,there were three issues that needed to be solved urgently,including the needs of the marine monitoring internet business,the needs of shared platforms in the context of marine monitoring big data,and the needs of submarine observation networks.

Acoustic-radio cooperative marine information network

Quansheng GUAN,Weiqi CHEN,Hua YU,Fangjiong CHEN,Fei JI

2018, 34(6):  20-28.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018196

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The transmissions of ocean information have to cross the water-air interface.In this case,the information transmission network architecture requires the efficient integration of the underwater acoustic network and the radio network.However,the performance of the underwater acoustic link lags far behind the radio link,and becomes a bottleneck that restricts the performance of marine information networks.An acoustic-radio cooperative marine information network was proposed,which exploited the cooperation of acoustic and radio links to improve network performance.After demonstrating the advantages of acoustic-radio cooperation through three application scenarios,the network architecture and protocols,as well as the challenges for the acoustic-radio cooperative maritime information network were discussed.Acoustic-radio cooperation was not only an effective method for realizing the integration of air-water networks,but also an important method for realizing the integration of network communications,computing,and storage in marine information networks.

Design of a wireless real-time observation data transmission system for deep ocean mooring

Lijun XU,Zhaohuan HOU,Shefeng YAN,Zhen ZHANG,Di ZENG

2018, 34(6):  29-35.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018194

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According to the requirement of the transmission of deep ocean mooring observation data,a wireless data transmission system was designed to help the ocean graphic scientists get the current data from the instruments of the ocean mooring in real-time mode.Because of the difference of the underwater acoustic channel and the terrestrial channel,communication technologies were applied,one was underwater acoustic communication,and the other was the communication by iridium satellites,the scientists could read the data at the land monitoring station.The results indicate that the system can fulfill the real-data acquisition from the deep ocean mooring,and the system shows the reliability under all kinds of weather conditions.

Offshore coverage optimization and application of TD-LTE networks

Junfeng LAN,Chongli NIU,Guohui YU

2018, 34(6):  36-42.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018195

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With the development of coastal fisheries and marine tourism,the demand for wireless coverage on offshore is becoming more and more urgent.Based on the analysis on the characteristics of the mobile communication business,the difficulties of offshore coverage planning,coverage optimization techniques for the actual application scenarios of coastal areas,a TD-LTE network coverage optimization method which made comprehensive use of the following technologies including special TD-LTE system parameter configuration,optimization of wireless communication link budget,optimization of the base station site planning and coverage enhancement technologies was proposed.The proposed optimization method was practically implemented in the Shangchuan Island and Xiachuan Island.The simulation results and measured data in the project field show that the implementation of TD-LTE network coverage optimization method has obviously improved the network coverage rate and communication service quality.

research and development

An efficient routing and cache management algorithm based on interest-community for opportunity networks

Zhi REN,Kunlong WANG,Xiufeng LI

2018, 34(6):  43-52.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018160

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Aiming at the problem of control message redundancy existing in BEEINFO algorithm,unconsidered node multi-neighbor message forwarding problem and unreasonable management of message in cache,an efficient routing and cache management algorithm named ERCMAON which based on community of interest was proposed.The message forwarding delay was reduced by streamlining control messages,increasing the route design for multiple-neighbor nodes.At the same time,by optimizing the node cache management mechanism,the probability of deleting useful information was reduced,which could improve the success rate of message delivery.Simulation results show thatcompared with the BEEINFO algorithm,the delivery success rate of ERCMAON algorithm increases by at least 2.0%,the data delivery overhead and the normalized control overhead reduces by at least 9.7% and 1.7% respectively.At the same time,the message transmission delay reduces at least 2.4%.

Video content identification scheme in content oriented network environment

Xun CHEN,Shuai HAN,Shanshan LIU,Xiaolong YANG

2018, 34(6):  53-63.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018182

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Video fingerprinting technology is a video identification technology proposed for the identification of massive video data.Firstly,the research status of the content network and the main problems that exist were elaborated,especially the problems of content identification.Then design principles of the video content identification scheme were proposed from the video content identification requirements in the content network,and the principles and disadvantages of the existing solutions were analyzed in depth.Finally,a video content identification scheme based on video fingerprinting technology was designed and implemented after analyzing the concept and principle of video fingerprinting technology.The feature was:the two types of video fingerprinting technology in the time domain and frequency domain were integrated.While shortening the time for generating video tags,it also improved the robustness of the overall system.

Impact of overload factor on uplink SCMA system

Hongyang ZHANG,Changliang ZHENG,Yu LU,Huaping LIU

2018, 34(6):  64-71.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018115

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Sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is regarded as a promising multiple access technology for 5G because of its excellent performance.One of the major challenges that 5G networks are facing is the massive connectivity in terms of both data volume and the number of devices,thus SCMA must be capable of coping with transmission overload.Analyzing the performance of the uplink SCMA system in overloading scenarios was focused on.At first,the influence of the overloading factor on the detection and decoding complexities and error performances of the uplink SCMA system were analyzed.Then,by establishing the relationship between the overloading factor and the average sum-rate,the impact of the overloading factor on the transmission rate of the uplink SCMA system was analyzed.Extensive numerical results are provided to verify the accuracy and insights derivable from the analytical results.

Video crowd counting method based on conv-pooling deep spatial and temporal features

Qiang LI,Zilu KANG

2018, 34(6):  72-79.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018161

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Due to angle of camera,background,population density distribution and occlusion limitations,traditional video crowd counting methods based on underlying visual features are often difficult to achieve ideal results.Using the temporal and spatial features of video and conv-pooling method,high-level visual features were formed,local feature aggregation descriptors were used for quantization and codebook calculation to achieve accurate description of video crowd information.This method made full use of video motion and appearance information.Based on convolutional neural networks and pooling methods,the ability to describe video intrinsic attributes and features was improved.Experimental results show that the proposed method has higher precision and better robustness than traditional video crowd counting methods.

MRR scheduling based cognitive LTE-R eNode B and type of service value priority queue management strategy

Hongyu DENG,Yiming WANG,Cheng WU

2018, 34(6):  80-90.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018165

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Cognitive radio technology was used to build cognitive radio networks in long-term evolution railway communication systems,and cognitive base station network architecture and MRR scheduling algorithms were proposed to improve the spectrum utilization of railway dedicated networks.In particular,the FIFO policy for cognitive LTE-R base stations in a single vehicle gateway causes excessive delay in real-time services of secondary users,and a cognitive LTE-R base station queue management strategy based on priority of service types was proposed.This strategy gave priority to sending packets with large service type values to the queue,so as to achieve the purpose of prioritizing real-time services.Simulation results show that under the premise of ensuring the normal communication of vehicles,the constructed cognitive base station can provide passengers with additional internet access links,and at the same time,improve the spectrum utilization rate of the LTE-R communication system.In addition,the cognitive base station queue management strategy based on service type value priority can effectively reduce the delay of passenger real-time services.

An indoor positioning system based on distributed LTE network

Yu YANG,Ming CHEN,Daqing LIU

2018, 34(6):  91-97.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018185

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Indoor positioning technology has important applications in the business and security fields,but there are still existing problems with low positioning accuracy and high deployment costs.An indoor positioning system based on long term evolution ( LTE ) network was introduced.The system was defined on the Huawei distributed pico base station and was used to measure the reference signal strength (RSRP) or time of arrival (ToA) of mobile terminals to multiple access points.To overcome the uplink power control in LTE network,the absolute RSRP or ToA was converted to differential values.The system relied on widely deployed LTE networks to provide seamless location services to terminal devices in a wireless network connection state.It didn’t rely on third-party software or affect network performance.The experimental results show that the average positioning accuracy of Huawei indoor positioning system using time difference of arrival (TDoA) can reach 3~5 m in indoor scenarios such as shopping malls,showing good application potential.

Column:cloud network zhilian,everything online

NFV resource pool planning and deploying scheme

Lihua WU,Lei SHEN

2018, 34(6):  99-106.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018200

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Network function virtualization is the direction of traditional telecommunication network evolution.The telecom network architecture in the future will be based on DC and resource pool.After test and trail,the telecommunication operators will begin NFV commercial deployment soon.An in-depth analysis of the network architecture,network planning and resource division of the NFV resource pool was given and the NFV resource pool planning scheme was discussed,which provided reference and suggestions for the construction of resource pool.

Key point of NFV hardware resource pool planning and construction

Lei SHEN,Fang WANG,Lihua WU

2018, 34(6):  107-114.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018201

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Major operators have been deploying NFV in succession,after hardware and software decoupling of NFV,hardware and software need to be separately planned and constructed.Based on the initial construction requirements of NFV deployment,the key factors were analyzed which should be considered in the planning and construction of the hardware resource pool and the machine room infrastructure.The calculation,storage,network equipment matching requirements were expounded.And the blade and rack service was compared.The hardware and network configuration of two layers and SDN networks were enhanced by the hardware,magnetic array and distributed storage.The hardware configuration mode and key considerations were studied.The hardware redundancy requirements under different scenes were analyzed,and the key requirements of the NFV hardware pool planning and construction were obtained.

Application of SDN deployment in large-scale public cloud across different resource pools

Qiu YUE,Qin LIU,Xiaole YANG,Xiaofei BI,Shixuan ZHU

2018, 34(6):  115-122.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018197

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The SDN-based network solution for cloud computing data center is the trend of future data center network development.For the current mobile operator network,the outstanding application case where SDN network technology has been applied and successfully launched was discussed.The case was also one of the largest SDN commercial cases among global operators.The key issues and introduction steps for the large-scale deployment of SDN in cloud data centers were summarized based on the current network operating conditions,which could provide the reference for SDN architectures deployment in other cloud computing resource pools such as the NFV and 5G network.

IoT centralized support system construction strategy oriented connected

Zhao DONG,Lei QI,Huiqiong GU,Hao ZHU,Xu CHEN

2018, 34(6):  123-129.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018184

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To implement the “connected” strategy of telecom operators,the construction strategy of IoT centralized support system,as the core of the network connection management,is becoming a difficult problem to be discussed.The demands of business development and evolution of network architecture were elaborated.The technical architecture and function architecture of IoT centralized support system were defined.The implementation and developmentstrategies of centralized support and large connected support were discussed.

Deployment and service implementation of C-IoT core network

Jiyan WANG,Wei ZHOU

2018, 34(6):  130-137.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018192

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The C-IoT core network architecture,function and characteristics were analyzed.According to the classification of network element characteristics,the network deployment principle was determined.Based on technical characteristics of NB and eMTC,the access network elements (MME and SGW) deployment plan were analyzed,4 kinds of deployment plans were compared.In addition,the implementation of C-IoT data service,short message service and voice service was analyzed.Through the comparison and analysis of multiple schemes,for MME and SGW,it is recommended to upgrade and reform existing network equipment and build a new NFV equipment in some special provinces.

Deployment mode selection and evolution strategy of 5G network

Xu YANG,Ziyu XIAO,Yongping SHAO,Xiaoming SONG

2018, 34(6):  138-146.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018188

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Standalone (SA) deployment and non-standalone (NSA) deployment are the key issues considered in the early stage of 5G network introduction.Firstly,the deployment architecture options in 3GPP standard were introduced and the key deployment architectures were analyzed and compared.Then two evolution routes of 5G network deployment were put forward.At last,the deployment mode and evolution strategy of 5G core network were given,which provided references for the deployment mode and evolution path selection of 5G network.

Evolution strategy of 5G network based on cloud-native computing

Jian SU

2018, 34(6):  147-152.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018189

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Cloud-native computing which is from IT domain covers a range of paths and methods that apply to different industries and also meet the needs of business diversity.Based on the 5G service-based architecture,advantages and challenges of introducing cloud-native computing into telecommunication networks were analyzed,cloud-native computing design,deployment and operation methods for telecommunication networks were introduced,the common principles of cloud-native computing that can be adopted by communications service providers were discussed,in order to promote the transformation of traditional telecommunication networks into 5G smart networks.

Operating technology is extensive

Telecom intelligent operation system based on big data grid

Yunfeng GUO,Heng CAI,Lei GE

2018, 34(6):  153-161.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018167

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Based on the advantages of telecom big data platform,the self-learning operation mode of artificial intelligence was utilized innovatively.The operational status of each IT system nodes were actively perceived by collecting and analyzing the massive log data of IT system.The influence,health and dependence of each IT system nodes were visualized by intelligent graph calculation and grid nebulae graph.The intelligent prediction of node failure was realized by Keras deep learning framework,and the big data grid intelligent operation system of telecom IT system was built.

Design and implementation of a resource operation and maintenance system based on container arrangement technology

Xun ZHANG,Chengyu ZHANG,Jinwu WEI

2018, 34(6):  162-170.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018110

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Kubernetes container layout tools,Docker operation technology and Mesos framework choreography technology selection were used to solve China Unicom’s existing problems of business application container’s unbalance of resource scheduling.The problem of existing physical cluster elastic scalability capacity was solved.Through cluster and the technique of Mesos,the original big data deploy faster and the scalability problems were solved.Finally,container operation and management system was realized.

Operation support system blue print and evolution strategy for SDN/NFV

Yanbin SHI,Qi YU,Xiaojun XIE

2018, 34(6):  171-182.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018106

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Firstly,the challenges of operation support system for SDN / NFV were described,such as agile efficient processes,real-time on-demand service,and hybrid network.Secondly,the industry trends of international operators and standard organizations were introduced,and the current situation of operation support system was analyzed,inluding the capability,the interconnection and the automation.Lastly,the new generation of intelligent,efficient,flexible and open operation support system implementation blue print,boundary division and evolution strategy were proposed.

Intelligent fault prediction method of telecom system

Heng CAI,Lei GE

2018, 34(6):  183-191.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2018118

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Some approaches based on deep learning would be used to analyze the process and port network on a server cluster.Specifically,the features of nodes were carefully selected in server cluster network,by combining the prior knowledge from actual operations,and the abnormal state of processes or ports on the cluster was predicted.According to the research,the running information such as loads of CPU and memory,communications between processes and the structural features in the process network was valuable in predicting the states of processes and ports; furthermore,the changes of features mentioned above in the time dimension reflected the states of processes or ports,too.