面向大规模天线系统的稀布阵技术研究与评估

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2021218

电信科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (9): 48-56.doi: 10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2021218

面向大规模天线系统的稀布阵技术研究与评估

楼梦婷¹, 金婧¹, 王菡凝¹, 王启星¹, 王江舟²

¹ 中国移动通信有限公司研究院，北京 100053
² 肯特大学，英国坎特伯雷CT2 7NZ

修回日期:2021-09-15 出版日期:2021-09-20 发布日期:2021-09-01
作者简介:楼梦婷（1993− ），女，中国移动通信有限公司研究院研究员，主要研究方向为无线通信、MIMO、稀布阵等
金婧（1986− ），女，中国移动通信有限公司研究院高级研究员、高级工程师，主要研究方向为无线通信、MIMO、多用户波束成形、干扰消除等
王菡凝（1992− ），女，中国移动通信有限公司研究院研究员，主要研究方向为无线通信、MIMO、稀布阵、可见光等
王启星（1978− ），男，中国移动通信有限公司研究院主任研究员，主要研究方向为无线通信、MIMO等
王江舟（1961− ），男，肯特大学终身教授、英国皇家工程院院士，主要研究方向为移动通信等
基金资助:
北京邮电大学-中国移动研究院联合创新中心资助项目

Research and evaluation of sparse array for massive MIMO

Mengting LOU¹, Jing JIN¹, Hanning WANG¹, Qixing WANG¹, Jiangzhou WANG²

¹ China Mobi1e Research Institute, Beijing 100053, China
² University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, U.K.

Revised:2021-09-15 Online:2021-09-20 Published:2021-09-01
Supported by:
Funded by Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications-China Mobile Research Institute Joint Innovation Center

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过大量天线数服务用户，大规模天线技术可有效提升频谱效率。然而，大规模天线将带来射频链路数量的大幅增加，进而带来成本的急剧提升，所以大规模天线的设计需要综合考虑性能和成本的折中。稀布阵技术通过优化天线阵元位置分布、激励幅度，可实现以更少的天线数逼近均匀阵列的性能，从而带来射频链路数量的降低和成本的控制，取得较好的性价比平衡。介绍了稀布阵关键技术的实现方案，评估分析了稀布阵的链路级性能以及在面向6G的大规模天线系统中应用稀布阵的系统性能。数据分析表明，稀布阵在小幅性能损失的情况下，可以显著降低天线阵元数，节约基站设备成本。

关键词: 6G, 稀布阵, 大规模天线阵列, 凸优化, 天线综合

Abstract:

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) enables higher spectrum efficiency by deploying a large number of antenna elements.However, mMIMO will bring a substantial increase in the number of radio frequency (RF) channel, which will result in a sharp increase in cost.Therefore, it is necessary to design mMIMO with comprehensive consideration of the trade-off between the performance and the cost.Sparse array technology can approach the performance of the uniform array with less number of antenna elements by optimizing the position distribution and excitation amplitudes of the antenna elements, thereby reducing the number of RF channels and controlling the cost, and achieving a better cost-effective balance.Both link-level and system-level evaluations and analysis of sparse array based mMIMO that targets for 6G were performed under realistic simulation settings.The results show that with little performance loss, the sparse array based mMIMO can significantly reduce the number of antenna elements and the cost of base station infrastructure.

Key words: 6G, sparse array, massive MIMO, convex optimization, antenna synthesization

中图分类号:

TP393

楼梦婷, 金婧, 王菡凝, 王启星, 王江舟. 面向大规模天线系统的稀布阵技术研究与评估[J]. 电信科学, 2021, 37(9): 48-56.

Mengting LOU, Jing JIN, Hanning WANG, Qixing WANG, Jiangzhou WANG. Research and evaluation of sparse array for massive MIMO[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2021, 37(9): 48-56.

图/表 9

图1

图2

图3

表1

64-UPA、52-SPA、32-SPA的3dB波束宽度、最大副瓣电平"

平面阵	3 dB波束宽度/°			最大副瓣电平/dB
平面阵	${\hat{φ}}_{1} = 0^{\circ}$	${\hat{φ}}_{2} = 20^{\circ}$	${\hat{φ}}_{3} = 40^{\circ}$	${\hat{φ}}_{1} = 0^{\circ}$	${\hat{φ}}_{2} = 20^{\circ}$	${\hat{φ}}_{3} = 40^{\circ}$
64-UPA	12.56	13.21	15.34	-14.05	-11.71	-9.31
52-SPA	12.56	13.22	15.35	-14.04	-11.70	-9.30
32-SPA	12.73	13.39	15.52	-14.02	-11.68	-6.50

表1

图4

表2

图5

图6

表3

参考文献 17

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变量	数值	变量	数值
基站数/小区数	19/57		64-UPA：64Tx64Rx
站间距	350 m	基站天线配置	52-SPA：52Tx52Rx
基站高度	25 m		32-SPA：32Tx32Rx
系统带宽	100 MHz	基站发射功率	53 dBm
载频	2.4 GHz	终端天线配置	2Tx2Rx
子载波间隔	30 kHz	终端发射功率	23 dBm
业务模型	full buffer，50%加扰	终端移动速度	3 km/h

平面阵	稀疏度	小区边缘用户吞吐量/(Mbit.s^-1)	小区平均吞吐量/(Mbit.s^-1)
64-UPA	—	45.60	1 201.90
52-SPA	18.75%	43.90	1 063.25
32-SPA	50.00%	40.75	1 000.95

面向大规模天线系统的稀布阵技术研究与评估

Research and evaluation of sparse array for massive MIMO

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