自适应调制MIMO无线系统的物理层安全

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2023141

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对主动窃听场景下单输入单输出（single-input single-output，SISO）自适应调制频谱效率低和物理层安全（physical layer security，PLS）性能差的问题，提出了一种多输入多输出（multiple-input multiple-output， MIMO）安全自适应调制（secure adaptive modulation，SAM）无线系统PLS模型。其设计思路是：通过在发送端采用发送天线选择（transmit antenna selection，TAS）、在合法接收端采用最大比合并（maximal ratio combining，MRC）的天线分集技术来提高主信道的信噪比，以改善频谱效率；同时，限制主动窃听者的误比特率，使之无法解调出主信道发送的机密信息，从而保证合法接收端的PLS。在平均发射功率和PLS的联合约束下，推导 SAM-MIMO 系统的最佳切换门限和频谱效率以及窃听者的平均误比特率的解析表达式。数值计算与仿真结果表明：与SAM-SISO系统相比，采用TAS/MRC技术的SAM系统既可以提高主信道的频谱效率，又可以确保对主动窃听者的PLS。

关键词: 自适应调制, 多输入多输出, 发送天线选择, 最大比合并, 频谱效率, 物理层安全

Abstract:

To solve the problems of low spectral efficiency and poor performance of physical layer security (PLS) in single-input single-output (SISO) wireless systems with adaptive modulation in the presence of an active eavesdropper, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems with secure adaptive modulation (SAM) were proposed.The design idea was to improve the spectral efficiency of the main channel by antenna diversity technology, which used the transmit antenna selection (TAS) at the transmitter and the maximal ratio combining (MRC) at the legitimate receiver to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.Simultaneously, the PLS of the legitimate receiver was guaranteed by limiting the bit error rate of the active eavesdropper so that it could not demodulate the confidential information from the main channel.With the joint constraints of the average transmission power and PLS, the optimal switching thresholds and the analytical expressions of spectral efficiency and the eavesdropper’s average bit error rate of the SAM-MIMO systems were derived.Numerical and simulation results show that SAM systems using TAS/MRC technology can not only improve the spectral efficiency of the main channel, but also ensure the PLS against the active eavesdropper, compared with the SAM-SISO systems.

Key words: adaptive modulation, multiple-input multiple-output, transmit antenna selection, spectral efficiency, physical layer security

中图分类号:

TN918.1

李辉, 李光球, 罗延翠, 刘会芝. 自适应调制MIMO无线系统的物理层安全[J]. 电信科学, 2023, 39(7): 68-79.

Hui LI, Guangqiu LI, Yancui LUO, Huizhi LIU. Physical layer security of MIMO wireless systems with adaptive modulation[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2023, 39(7): 68-79.

图/表 7

图1

图2

表1

采用TAS/MRC天线分集的SAM-MIMO无线系统的仿真参数设置"

参数名称	变量名	参数值
MM可选的种类	N	5
MM可选的星座图尺寸	M	4, 8, 16, 32, 64
Alice的平均功率约束	$\bar{S}$	1W
Bob的误比特率约束	BER _b	10^-6
Eve的误比特率约束	BER _e	10^-1
Alice到Bob的距离	d_B	1m
Alice到Eve的距离	d_E	1.5 m
路径损耗指数	μ	4

表1

图3

图4

图5

图6

参考文献 27

[1]	董洁, 李恒志, 陈岩 ,等. 频谱资源经济价值评估和定价机制研究及展望[J]. 电信科学, 2021,37(7): 107-114.
	DONG J , LI H Z , CHEN Y ,et al. Research and prospect on economic value evaluation and pricing mechanism of spectrum resources[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2021,37(7): 107-114.
[2]	GOLDSMITH A J , CHUA S G . Variable-rate variable-power MQAM for fading channels[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1997,45(10): 1218-1230.
[3]	CHUNG S T , GOLDSMITH A J . Degrees of freedom in adaptive modulation:a unified view[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2001,49(9): 1561-1571.
[4]	段红光, 胡利, 田枚 . LTE-Advanced 系统中的自适应调制技术[J]. 电信科学, 2017,33(7): 88-93.
	DUAN H G , HU L , TIAN M . Adaptive modulation technology in LTE-Advanced system[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2017,33(7): 88-93.
[5]	曾孝平, 毛海伟, 杨凡 ,等. Nakagami-m衰落信道下D2D通信自适应调制算法研究[J]. 通信学报, 2018,39(9): 31-42.
	ZENG X P , MAO H W , YANG F ,et al. Study on adaptive modulation in D2D communications over Nakagami-m fading channel[J]. Journal on Communications, 2018,39(9): 31-42.
[6]	徐俊超, 林阳, 孙苗 ,等. 一种速率自适应的无线通信协议[J]. 电子测量技术, 2020,43(9): 1-7.
	XU J C , LIN Y , SUN M ,et al. Wireless communication protocol providing adaptive data rate[J]. Electronic Measurement Technology, 2020,43(9): 1-7.
[7]	COSTANZO A , LOSCRI V , BIAGI M . Adaptive modulation control for visible light communication systems[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2021,39(9): 2780-2789.
[8]	雷维嘉, 孙嘉琳, 谢显中 ,等. 能量收集通信系统中功率和调制方式的在线联合优化策略[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2022,44(3): 1024-1033.
	LEI W J , SUN J L , XIE X Z ,et al. Online joint optimization of power and modulation in energy harvesting communication systems[J]. Journal of Electronics ＆ Information Technology, 2022,44(3): 1024-1033.
[9]	YU W J , JIA H W , MUSAVIAN L . Joint adaptive M-QAM modulation and power adaptation for a downlink NOMA network[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2022,70(2): 783-796.
[10]	李南希, 朱剑驰, 郭婧 ,等. NR MIMO增强演进及标准化进展[J]. 电信科学, 2022,38(3): 84-92.
	LI N X , ZHU J C , GUO J ,et al. Evolution and standardization progress for NR MIMO enhancement[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2022,38(3): 84-92.
[11]	ALOUINI M S , GOLDSMITH A J . Capacity of Rayleigh fading channels under different adaptive transmission and diversity-combining techniques[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 1999,48(4): 1165-1181.
[12]	ZHU X M , YUAN D F . Performance analysis of adaptive modulation in MIMO system using transmit antenna selection with Alamouti scheme[C]// Proceedings of 2008 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications,Networking and Mobile Computing. Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2008: 1-4.
[13]	闫富朝, 刘怡良, 韩帅 ,等. 空天地通信网络中物理层安全技术综述[J]. 电信科学, 2020,36(9): 1-13.
	YAN F C , LIU Y L , HAN S ,et al. A survey of physical layer security in space-air-ground communication and networks[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2020,36(9): 1-13.
[14]	SI J B , CHENG Z H , LI Z ,et al. Cooperative jamming for secure transmission with both active and passive eavesdroppers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2020,68(9): 5764-5777.
[15]	JAFARIAN F , MOBINI Z , MOHAMMADI M . Secure cooperative network with multi-antenna full-duplex receiver[J]. IEEE Systems Journal, 2019,13(3): 2786-2794.
[16]	DONG L M , WANG H M . Enhancing secure MIMO transmission via intelligent reflecting surface[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2020,19(11): 7543-7556.
[17]	KHODAKARAMI H , LAHOUTI F . Link adaptation for physical layer security over wireless fading channels[J]. IET Communications, 2012,6(3): 353-362.
[18]	KHODAKARAMI H , LAHOUTI F . Link adaptation with untrusted relay assignment:design and performance analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2013,61(12): 4874-4883.
[19]	TAKI M , SADEGHI M . Spectral efficiency optimized secure broadcasting using adaptive modulation,coding and transmit power[C]// Proceedings of 2013 1st International Conference on Communications,Signal Processing,and their Applications (ICCSPA). Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2013: 1-5.
[20]	HAMAMREH J M , YUSUF M , BAYKAS T ,et al. Cross MAC/PHY layer security design using ARQ with MRC and adaptive modulation[C]// Proceedings of 2016 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference. Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2016: 1-7.
[21]	ALVES H , SOUZA R D , DEBBAH M ,et al. Performance of transmit antenna selection physical layer security schemes[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2012,19(6): 372-375.
[22]	YANG N , YEOH P L , ELKASHLAN M ,et al. Transmit antenna selection for security enhancement in MIMO wiretap channels[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2013,61(1): 144-154.
[23]	ALVES H , DE CASTRO TOMé M , NARDELLI P H J ,et al. Enhanced transmit antenna selection scheme for secure throughput maximization without CSI at the transmitter[J]. IEEE Access, 2016(4): 4861-4873.
[24]	任婷洁, 李光球, 程英 . 多中继与多用户选择的中继系统安全性能分析[J]. 电信科学, 2019,35(8): 111-119.
	REN T J , LI G Q , CHENG Y . Secure performance analysis of relay systems with multi-relay and multi-user selection[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2019,35(8): 111-119.
[25]	王占湾, 李光球, 钱辉 . 多窃听者场景下 TASP/MRC 系统的物理层安全性能分析[J]. 计算机工程, 2019,45(10): 160-165,170.
	WANG Z W , LI G Q , QIAN H . Physical layer security performance analysis of TASP/MRC system in multi-eavesdropper scene[J]. Computer Engineering, 2019,45(10): 160-165,170.
[26]	GAO Q , ZHU G , LIN S Y ,et al. Variable-rate variable-power MQAM for spectral efficiency maximization in full-duplex systems[J]. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 2018,7(3): 288-291.
[27]	JEFFREY A , ZWILLINGER D . Preface to the seventh edition[M]// Table of Integrals,Series,and Products. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007.