基于区域异或和三值量化的高分辨零水印算法

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2022027

通信学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 208-222.doi: 10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2022027

• 学术通信 • 上一篇

基于区域异或和三值量化的高分辨零水印算法

吴德阳¹, 胡森², 王苗苗², 金海波², 曲长波², 唐勇¹

¹ 燕山大学信息科学与工程学院，河北秦皇岛 066004
² 辽宁工程技术大学软件学院，辽宁葫芦岛 125105

修回日期:2022-01-10 出版日期:2022-02-25 发布日期:2022-02-01
作者简介:吴德阳（1992-），男，广西钦州人，燕山大学博士生，主要研究方向为信息隐藏与数字水印
胡森（1997-），男，辽宁沈阳人，辽宁工程技术大学硕士生，主要研究方向为信息隐藏与数字水印
王苗苗（1995-），女，辽宁大连人，辽宁工程技术大学硕士生，主要研究方向为信息隐藏与数字水印
金海波（1983-），男，辽宁沈阳人，博士，辽宁工程技术大学副教授，主要研究方向为复杂系统可靠性理论
曲长波（1963-），男，辽宁葫芦岛人，辽宁工程技术大学高级工程师，主要研究方向为信息隐藏与数字水印
唐勇（1963-），男，四川遂宁人，博士，燕山大学教授，主要研究方向为数字媒体处理、数字仿真
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(62173171)

Discriminative zero-watermarking algorithm based on region XOR and ternary quantization

Deyang WU¹, Sen HU², Miaomiao WANG², Haibo JIN², Changbo QU², Yong TANG¹

¹ College of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
² College of Software, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, China

Revised:2022-01-10 Online:2022-02-25 Published:2022-02-01
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(62173171)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对目前零水印算法对于受攻击图像和虚警图像生成的零水印区分度不足问题，提出了一种基于区域异或和三值量化的高分辨零水印算法。在零水印生成过程中，首先提取图像的空域特征和频域特征，将载体特征和版权水印进行冗余构造，以频域特征作为索引，将冗余水印分成2个区域，分别与空域特征和混沌矩阵异或，并将异或后的2个区域进行合并得到零水印。在版权认证过程中，从攻击后的图像中提取空域和频域特征，以频域特征作为索引，将零水印分成2个区域，分别与空域特征和混沌矩阵异或，提取冗余构造的水印图像，去冗余操作后，量化成只有3个数值的矩阵作为版权认证结果。实验结果表明，所提算法可有效解决图像零水印的虚警问题，同时在多种攻击下具有较高稳健性，特征提取算法可任意更换，具有较高可扩展性。

关键词: 图像版权保护, 零水印, 数字水印, 区域异或, 三值量化

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem that the current zero-watermark algorithm is insufficient in distinguishing the zero-watermark generated by the attacked image and the false-alarm image, a high-resolution zero-watermarking algorithm based on regional XOR and ternary quantization was proposed.In the process of zero watermark generation, the spatial and frequency domain features of the image were first extracted, the carrier feature and copyright watermark were redundantly constructed, and the frequency domain feature was used as an index to divide the redundant watermark into two regions, which were respectively related to the spatial domain features and the copyright watermark.The chaotic matrix was XOR, and the two regions after XOR were combined to obtain zero watermark.In the copyright authentication process, the airspace and frequency domain features were extracted from the attacked image, and the frequency domain feature was used as an index to divide the zero watermark into two regions, which were XOR with the airspace feature and the chaotic matrix respectively, and the redundantly constructed watermark was extracted.The image, after de-redundancy operation, was quantized into a matrix with only three values as the result of copyright authentication.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively solve the false alarm problem of image zero watermark, and at the same time has high robustness under various attacks, the feature extraction algorithm can be arbitrarily replaced, and has high scalability.

Key words: image copyright protection, zero watermark, digital watermarking, region XOR, ternary quantization

中图分类号:

TP391.41

吴德阳, 胡森, 王苗苗, 金海波, 曲长波, 唐勇. 基于区域异或和三值量化的高分辨零水印算法[J]. 通信学报, 2022, 43(2): 208-222.

Deyang WU, Sen HU, Miaomiao WANG, Haibo JIN, Changbo QU, Yong TANG. Discriminative zero-watermarking algorithm based on region XOR and ternary quantization[J]. Journal on Communications, 2022, 43(2): 208-222.

图/表 22

图1

表1

表2

图2

表3

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

表4

不同量化方式的量化结果"

修改程度	量化方式	量化参数
修改程度	量化方式	$α = \frac{1}{R'}$	$α = \frac{3}{R'}$	$α = \frac{5}{R'}$	$α = \frac{7}{R'}$
	三值
β=0.1	四值
	五值
	三值
β= 0.3	四值
	五值

表4

表5

表6

图12

表7

图13

表8

表9

参考文献 26

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图像	图1(a)	图1(b)	图1(c)	图1(d)	图1(e)
图1(a)	0	0.187 5	0.187 5	0.031 3	0.156 3
图1(b)	0.187 5	0	0.187 5	0.156 3	0.343 8
图1(c)	0.187 5	0.187 5	0	0.156 3	0.218 8
图1(d)	0.031 3	0.156 3	0.156 3	0	0.187 5
图1(e)	0.156 3	0.343 8	0.218 8	0.187 5	0

图像	图1(a)	图1(b)	图1(c)	图1(d)	图1(e)
图1(a)	0	0.185 5	0.128 9	0.132 8	0.155 3
图1(b)	0.185 5	0	0.103 5	0.181 6	0.210 0
图1(c)	0.128 9	0.103 5	0	0.105 5	0.139 6
图1(d)	0.132 8	0.181 6	0.105 5	0	0.092 8
图1(e)	0.155 3	0.210 0	0.139 6	0.092 8	0

图像	空域特征误码率	频域特征误码率
图3(a)	0.350 6	0.093 8
图3(b)	0.457 0	0.093 8
图3(c)	0.120 1	0.062 5
图3(d)	0.299 8	0.093 8
图3(e)	0.244 1	0.062 5
图4(a)	0.093 8	0.406 3
图4(b)	0.029 3	0.343 8
图4(c)	0.093 8	0.437 5
图4(d)	0.098 6	0.343 8
图4(e)	0.080 1	0.406 3

图像	文献[8]	文献[12]	文献[14]	文献[15]	文献[16]	本文三值量化	本文二值量化
图3(a)
	0.375 0	0.100 6	0.335 0	0.499 0	0.411 1	0.775 4	0.444 3
图3(b)
	0.375 0	0.426 8	0.352 5	0.464 8	0.398 4	0.975 6	0.544 0
图3(c)
	0.250 0	0	0.247 1	0.471 7	0.279 3	0.802 7	0.460 9
图3(d)
	0.437 5	0.238 3	0.337 9	0.450 2	0.350 6	0.890 6	0.511 7
图3(e)
	0.375 0	0	0.292 0	0.461 9	0.328 1	0.779 3	0.433 6

图像	文献[8]	文献[12]	文献[14]	文献[15]	文献[16]	本文三值量化	本文二值量化
图4(a)
	0.375 0	0	0.250 0	0.416 0	0.228 5	0.981 5	0.550 8
图4(b)
	0.406 3	0.324 2	0.252 9	0.429 7	0.282 2	0.725 6	0.435 6
图4(c)
	0.312 5	0	0.210 9	0.444 3	0.350 6	0.982 4	0.549 8
图4(d)
	0.343 8	0	0.333 0	0.466 8	0.304 7	0.970 7	0.546 9
图4(e)
	0.312 5	0	0.243 2	0.441 4	0.109 4	0.775 4	0.449 2

基于区域异或和三值量化的高分辨零水印算法

Discriminative zero-watermarking algorithm based on region XOR and ternary quantization

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摘要/Abstract

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使用本文

图/表 22

参考文献 26

相关文章 15

Metrics

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攻击方法	攻击参数	文献[8]		文献[12]		文献[14]		文献[15]		文献[16]		本文二值量化
攻击方法	攻击参数	平均BER	最大BER	平均BER	最大BER	平均BER	最大BER	平均BER	最大BER	平均BER	最大BER	平均BER	最大BER
高斯	0.050 0	0.367 2	0.468 8	0	0	0.064 1	0.149 4	0.111 7	0.251 0	0.109 4	0.206 1	0.026 7	0.062 5
噪声	0.100 0	0.382 8	0.593 8	0.002 9	0.010 7	0.075 7	0.155 3	0.189 6	0.376 4	0.178 5	0.388 7	0.040 9	0.066 4
椒盐	0.050 0	0.316 4	0.531 3	0	0	0.038 2	0.083 0	0.098 9	0.188 6	0.086 5	0.169 9	0.007 2	0.013 7
噪声	0.100 0	0.367 2	0.656 3	0	0	0.061 8	0.151 4	0.120 3	0.210 1	0.123 8	0.195 3	0.016 1	0.023 4
中值	5×5	0.281 3	0.437 5	0	0	0.014 0	0.021 5	0.076 9	0.096 7	0.046 4	0.078 1	0.008 3	0.024 4
滤波	11×11	0.359 4	0.437 5	0	0	0.055 2	0.074 2	0.125 5	0.241 2	0.114 5	0.238 3	0.017 0	0.052 7
维纳	5×5	0.273 4	0.406 3	0	0	0.009 5	0.019 5	0.049 8	0.071 3	0.035 9	0.067 4	0.004 2	0.013 7
滤波	11×11	0.390 6	0.468 8	0	0	0.038 0	0.050 8	0.118 4	0.175 8	0.103 0	0.203 1	0.012 5	0.026 4
JPEG	10%	0.363 3	0.468 8	0	0	0.049 6	0.132 8	0.131 7	0.271 5	0.086 8	0.166 0	0.013 1	0.023 4
压缩	15%	0.332 0	0.531 3	0	0	0.041 0	0.109 4	0.092 3	0.217 8	0.095 6	0.172 0	0.011 4	0.019 5

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图像	文献[8]	文献[12]	文献[14]	文献[15]	文献[16]	本文三值量化	本文二值量化
图12(a)
	0.375 0	0	0.226 6	0.429 7	0.068 4	0.766 6	0.428 7
图12(b)
	0.500 0	0	0.328 1	0.425 8	0.342 8	0.842 8	0.476 6
图12(c)
	0.343 8	0	0.287 1	0.482 4	0.370 1	0.845 7	0.454 1
图12(d)
	0.406 3	0.019 5	0.323 2	0.463 9	0.333 0	0.811 5	0.442 4
图12(e)
	0.250 0	0	0.317 4	0.455 1	0.371 1	0.824 2	0.477 5
图12(f)
	0.250 0	0	0.235 4	0.456 1	0.276 4	0.644 5	0.356 5