Journal on Communications ›› 2018, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (11): 138-155.doi: 10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2018215
Special Issue: 边缘计算
• Comprehensive Reviews • Previous Articles Next Articles
Renchao XIE,Xiaofei LIAN,Qingmin JIA,Tao HUANG,Yunjie LIU
Revised:
2018-07-04
Online:
2018-11-01
Published:
2018-12-10
Supported by:
CLC Number:
Renchao XIE,Xiaofei LIAN,Qingmin JIA,Tao HUANG,Yunjie LIU. Survey on computation offloading in mobile edge computing[J]. Journal on Communications, 2018, 39(11): 138-155.
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方案 | 服务器部署位置 | 控制实体 | 控制实体部署位置 | 部署方式 | 优缺点 |
小基站云(SCC) | SCeNBs | SCM | 1) 部署在靠近 RAN 或作为MME的扩展部署在CN 2) 分层式部署本地 SCM (L-SCM)和位于 CN 的SCM(R-SCM) | 分布式部署 | 优点:靠近网络边缘,有较低的时延缺点:1)安装成本高;2)在边缘部署会引入鉴权和认证及安全等问题 |
移动微型云(MCC) | eNodes | 无 | — | 分布式部署 | 优点:1)靠近网络边缘,减小终端时延;2)MMC服务器互连,在VM迁移时能保证业务连续性缺点:1)无集中式控制实体会增大信令开销;2)边缘部署会引入鉴权和认证以及安全问题 |
快速移动私人云(FMPC) | 接近RAN的运营商云(cloud) | MC | 在SDN传输网络中分布式部署 | 分布式部署 | 优点:1)有较低时延;2)引入SDN,信令开销小;3)减小基站压力缺点:引入鉴权和认证及安全问题 |
漫游云(FMC) | CN侧 | FMCC | 在分布式CN后以集中方式部署 | 分布式部署 | 优点:网络接入的鉴权认证和安全问题得到解决缺点:1)有相对较高的时延;2)占用核心网资源 |
CONCERT | eNode B或者CN | Conductor | 在控制平面以集中或分层方式部署 | 分层式部署 | 优点:1)分层地放置资源可以灵活和弹性地管理网络和云服务;2)能更好地实现负载均衡 |
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优化目标 | 卸载类型 | 相关文献 | 关键研究点 |
?以降低时延为目标的卸载决策方案 | |||
?分析时延模型 | |||
以降低时延为目标 | 全部卸载 | 文献[ | ?多用户的计算卸载问题,建模为NP-hard 问题 |
?基于Lyapunov优化的动态卸载算法 | |||
?联合优化通信资源和计算资源分配 | |||
?采用Stackelberg博弈论的方法优化多用户卸载方案 | |||
?研究卸载内容之间的依赖关系 | |||
部分卸载 | 文献[ | ?与计算任务全部卸载的时延相对比 | |
?采用启发式算法 | |||
?在保证时延的要求下,以降低能耗为目标的卸载决策方案 | |||
?能量模型的优化方案 | |||
以降低能量消耗为目标 | 全部卸载 | 文献[ | ?相关参数的对比分析,如信道链路状况、CPU、系统容量等 |
?在线学习方案和预先计算的离线策略 | |||
?采用人工鱼群算法、约束性马尔可夫链方法 | |||
?研究卸载内容之间的依赖关系 | |||
部分卸载 | 文献[ | ?与计算任务全部卸载的能耗相对比 | |
?基于阈值结构的最优卸载方案 | |||
?采用凸优化的方法 | |||
?以权衡能量和时延为目标的卸载决策方案 | |||
权衡能耗和时延为目标 | 全部卸载 | 文献[ | ?能量和时延的权衡模型建立y 采用基于Lyapunov的优化算法、在线学习策略 |
部分卸载 | 文献[ | ?研究卸载内容之间的依赖关系 | |
?与计算任务全部卸载的时延和能耗均衡方案对比 |
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节点数量 | 优化目标 | 参考文献 | 计算卸载方案 | 仿真优化结果 |
文献[ | 通过动态考虑整个迁移过程来最优化VM分配方案 | 减少46%的时延以及减小80%的迁移成本 | ||
时延 | 文献[ | 提出了MEC在满足应用程序时延要求的同时,提供服务的应用程序数量最大化为目标的卸载方案,通过优先级来分配计算节点 | 减小25%的时延 | |
单节点 | 文献[ | 考虑了MEC的计算资源有限的情况,如何进行资源分配的问题。提出了分层的MEC部署架构 | — | |
时延和能耗 | 文献[ | 通过分配索引策略来让UE选择合适的MEC服务器,解决了高复杂度和高通信开销问题 | 索引策略和普通策略相比减小了7%的能耗 | |
能耗 | 文献[ | 提出了合作式缓存和卸载方案,MEC服务器联合起来为UE执行计算和缓存任务 | — | |
文献[ | 采用深度学习的方法分配资源,提出了动态的卸载方案 | 减小了50%的能耗 | ||
时延 | 文献[ | 多用户卸载,将问题建模为 NP-hard 问题,并采用背包模型去优化整个资源分配和负载均衡的问题 | 相比于全部在 UE 执行任务减少了70%的延时,比在CC执行减小了58%的时延 | |
多节点 | 文献[ | 提出了干扰管理的方案,在最小化干扰的条件下进行通信资源分配、计算资源分配的方案 | 减小了40%的时延 | |
能耗和时延 | 文献[ | 提出了通过优化时延和基站能耗的集群选择策略,并对比分析不同的回传技术和网络拓扑的影响 | — | |
文献[ | 提出 3 种不同的云集群选择策略,分别以优化时延、优化集群总能耗和优化集群中每个SCeNB的能耗为目标 | 减少了22%的时延,降低了61%的能耗 |
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