VANET中基于区块链的分布式匿名认证方案

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2022167

Abstract

Abstract:

Identity authentication is the first line of defense against malicious vehicles spreading false traffic information.However, due to the limited network bandwidth and computing power in the vehicle ad-hoc network (VANET), the existing schemes cannot meet the requirements of efficient authentication, nor can achieve fast and anonymous traceability of malicious vehicles.In view of this, a distributed anonymous authentication scheme based on the blockchain was proposed.The zero-knowledge proof was used to quickly and anonymously authenticate the identity of vehicles in VANET, and the pairing-free-based aggregating signature was used to provide fast batch verification, effectively reducing the computational burden generated during the authentication process.In addition, the regional trusted authority (RTA) could realize the anonymous traceability of malicious vehicle identities, and quickly revoke their identities by using the block chain.It could also update the short-term anonymous identities of vehicles based on local keys in time to ensure that vehicles anonymity and freshness of signatures.Security analysis and simulation show that the proposed scheme can satisfy various security requirements such as anonymity and unlinkability, and can effectively reduce computing and communication overhead, which is at least 27.28% higher in performance than similar schemes.

Key words: VANET, anonymous authentication, blockchain, zero-knowledge proof, pairing-free

CLC Number:

TN915.08

Xia FENG, Kaiping CUI, Qingqing XIE, Liangmin WANG. Distributed anonymous authentication scheme based on the blockchain in VANET[J]. Journal on Communications, 2022, 43(9): 134-147.

Figures/Tables 15

参数	含义
p ,q	大素数
P	加法群G_p 的生成元
E	椭圆曲线： $y^{2} = x^{3} + λ x + μ \mod q$
G_p	基于椭圆曲线生成的加法群
$Z_{q}^{*}$	有限域
sk_m,pk_m	RA的私钥与公钥
sk_r,pk_r	RTA的私钥与公钥
sk_v,pk_v	车辆的私钥与公钥
sk _vr	车辆的部分签名私钥
t	时间戳
RC	车辆所在区域代码
ΔT	匿名身份有效期
ID_p	车辆的匿名身份
ID	车辆的真实身份
Cr	车辆的信誉值
E(X)	椭圆曲线加密函数

认证方案	生成签名/ms	单一认证/ms	批量认证/ms
Kamil方案	$3 T_{sec} + 2 T_{pec} + 3 T_{h}$	$4 T_{sec} + 3 T_{pec} + 3 T_{h}$	$(3 n + 1) T_{sec} + 3 n T_{pec} + 3 n T_{h}$
Gayathri方案	$2 T_{sec}$	$5 T_{sec} + 3 T_{pbp}$	$5 n T_{sec} + 3 n T_{pbp}$
Liu方案	$3 T_{sec} + 3 T_{h}$	$2 T_{bp} + 2 T_{sbp} + 2 T_{h}$	$2 T_{bp} + (n + 1) T_{sbp} + 2 n T_{h}$
Sikarwar方案	$T_{sec} + T_{h}$	$3 T_{bp} + T_{sbp} + T_{h}$	$3 T_{bp} + n T_{sbp} + 3 n T_{pbp} + n T_{h}$
Wang方案	$4 T_{sec} + T_{pec} + 5 T_{h}$	$4 T_{sec} + T_{pec} + 6 T_{h}$	$4 n T_{sec} + n T_{pec} + 6 n T_{h}$
Yang方案	$2 T_{sec} + T_{pec} + 4 T_{h}$	$4 T_{sec} + 2 T_{pec} + 4 T_{h}$	$4 n T_{sec} + 2 n T_{pec} + 4 n T_{h}$
本文方案	$2 T_{sec} + T_{h}$	$4 T_{sec} + T_{pec} + 2 T_{h}$	$(2 n + 2) T_{sec} + (2 n - 1) T_{pec} + 2 n T_{h}$

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安全性	Kamil方案	Gayathri方案	Liu方案	Sikarwar方案	Wang方案	Yang方案	本文方案
身份认证性	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
匿名性	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
可撤销性	×	√	√	×	√	√	√
可追溯性	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
批量认证	√	√	√	√	×	√	√
抵御重放攻击	√	×	×	√	√	√	√
抵御中间人攻击	√	×	×	√	√	×	√
抵御篡改攻击	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
抵御伪造攻击	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
前向和后向安全性	√	√	√	√	√	√	√

密码学运算	平均执行时间/ms
T_bp	3.786
T_sbp	0.336
T_mtp	0.101
T_pbp	0.001
T_sec	0.162
T_pec	0.002
T_h	0.001

认证方案	单一认证/byte	批量认证/byte
Kamil方案	244	244n
Gayathri方案	244	244n
Liu方案	208	208n
Sikarwar方案	388	388n
Wang方案	168	168n
Yang方案	128	128n
本文方案	108	108n

Distributed anonymous authentication scheme based on the blockchain in VANET

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