高速铁路无线传播信道测量与建模综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-436x.2014.01.014

Abstract

Abstract:

The conducted measurement campaigns,domestic and overseas,were presented.Meanwhile,proposals and standard channel models from the international standardization organization were reviewed.The large-scale and small-scale fading characteristics of High-Speed Railway wireless channels were adequately compared,and it is found that the channel parameters depend on the propagation environment and the distance between the transmitter and receiver.Moreover,due to difficulties encountered in realistic channel measurements,theoretical channel characterization methods were analyzed.Finally,open research issues were presented.

Key words: high-speed railway, wireless channel, channel measurement, channel characterization

Liu LIU,Cheng TAO,Hou-jin CHEN,Tao ZHOU,Rong-chen SUN,Jia-hui QIU. Survey of wireless channel measurement and characterization for high-speed railway scenarios[J]. Journal on Communications, 2014, 35(1): 115-127.

Figures/Tables 14

References 61

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RUSK Sounder德国ICE测试指标^[6]		PropSound台湾测试参数^[7]		PropSound京津城际测试参数^[5,9]		PropSound郑西线测试参数^[10,11]		广深港高铁测试参数^[12]
参数	指标	参数	指标	参数	指标	参数	指标	参数	指标
频率	5.2 GHz	频率	5.2 GHz	频率	2.35 GHz	频率	2.35 GHz	频率	2.4 GHz
带宽	120 MHz	带宽	50 MHz	带宽	5 MHz	带宽	50 MHz	带宽	40 MHz
CIR长度	1.6 μs	发射功率	31 dBm	发射功率	5 W（外接功放）	发射功率	30.8/32.7 dBm	发射功率	20 dBm
发射天线	车顶	CIR速率	2 050.5 Hz	CIR速率	984 Hz	CIR速率	1 968.5 Hz	CIR速率	1 968.5 Hz
接收天线	均匀圆天线阵UCA，地面	发射天线	Dipole，2x8 全向天线阵地面	发射天线	Dipole车内	发射天线	Dipole车内	发射天线	定向天线地面
速度	20,100,240 km/h	接收天线	Dipole，2x8全向天线阵车内	接收天线	Dipole地面	接收天线	Dipole地面	接收天线	全向天线车内
		速度	260～290 km/h	速度	240 km/h	速度	198 km/h	速度	198 km/h
		激励方式	突发	激励方式	连续	激励方式	连续	车窗插损	12.4 dB

	唐山客车厂车厢内部信道测量参数^[13]	台湾高铁车厢内部测试参数^{[14，15，16]}
参数	指标	车厢内部（5.2 GHz）		车厢之间（2.2 GHz）
参数	指标	参数	指标	参数	指标
频率	2.35/2.15 GHz	带宽	IEEE802.11a, 20 MHz（静止）	CW信号（运动）	IEEE802.11b/g, 20 MHz
带宽	100 MHz	极化方式	垂直/水平	垂直/水平	垂直极化
发射天线	定向天线（增益为5 dBi），双吸顶天线（增益为3 dBi）	—	—	—	—
接收天线	偶极子天线	—	—	—	—

测量方法	场景			路损指数	阴影衰落标准差	适用范围
			非开阔区域^[35,36]	2.2～3.28	2.21
窄带信道（GSM-R）930.2 MHz～932.8 MHz	高架桥		开阔区域^[35,36]	2.1～2.5	2.09	250～3 200 m
窄带信道（GSM-R）930.2 MHz～932.8 MHz	高架桥		山区^[36]	3.5	2.14	250～3 200 m
			城市^[36]	4.05	3.07
		U型槽^[25,37]		3.5～4.3	3～4	深浅适用
	WINNER II，120 MHz，5.3 GHz^[6]			4.04	2.5	—
	车厢内部，100 MHz，2.35 GHz^[13]			1.8～2.1	2.3～2.8	1～15 m
	高架桥，10 MHz，2.35 GHz^[5]			3.03～3.56	2.0～4.8	400～2 500 m
宽带信道	山区，50 M，2.4 GHz^[12]			2.4	3.3	d＜788.6 m
	3.88	4.2	d＞788.6 m
	遮挡高架桥，50 MHz，2.35 GHz			3.89	2.5	d＞90 m
	U型槽，50 MHz，2.35 GHz^[38]			2.86	1.7	d＞40 m

场景	K因子	适用范围	测量频率
高架桥^[23]	均值6.16～7.93	Mobile-Relay	（GSM-R）930.2 MHz～932.8 MHz
	均方差：1.63～2.05
U型槽^[23]	均值?1.14～2.28	Mobile-Relay	（GSM-R）930.2 MHz～932.8 MHz
	均方差：4.08～4.23；
U型槽^[26]	K=?0.004 9 d+5.08；	Mobile-Relay	（GSM-R）930.2 MHz～932.8 MHz
	K=?0.002 2 d+3.75；
	K=?0.002 1 d+5.07
车厢内部^[13]	均值10.41，均方差：4.9；	车内-车内	2.35 GHz,100 MHz
	均值4.09，均方差：4.46；
平原^[30]	均值4.6，5.2	直接覆盖	2.1 GHz,3.84 MHz
乡村^[30]	均值2.5	直接覆盖	2.1 GHz,3.84 MHz
高架桥1^[4]	K=?0.033 7d+23.05,d＜250	Mobile-Relay	2.35 GHz,10 MHz
	K～N(8.25,1.05²),d＞250	无树木遮挡
高架桥2^[38]	K=?0.001 9d+9.49d,std=6.1 dB	Mobile-Relay	2.35 GHz,50 MHz
		有树木遮挡
U型槽^[41,42]	K=?0.0117 d+10.12,d＞0,std=3.35 dB	Mobile-Relay	2.35 GHz,50 MHz
	K=0.0176 d+11.56,d＜0,std=3.15 dB	深槽
	K=9.49d?0.001 9d,std=6.1 dB

Survey of wireless channel measurement and characterization for high-speed railway scenarios

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