车联网中可证安全的匿名可追溯快速组认证协议

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2021073

Abstract

Abstract:

Identity authentication is the first line of defense for vehicles to access IoV (Internet of vehicles).However, the existing schemes cannot meet the requirements of efficient authentication of IoV well, nor can they realize fast anonymous traceability.In view of this, a bidirectional anonymous traceability group authentication protocol was proposed in IoV.In this protocol, a number of RSU (road side unit) were grouped quickly and dynamically.And the vehicles entering the RSU group were authenticated with the one-way trap gating property and semi-group property of Chebyshev chaotic map.When the vehicle switched between the RSU within a group, the reverse hash chain was used for fast handover authentication.In addition, the RSU within a group can trace anonymously and revoke the identity of malicious vehicles quickly by using blockchain, and can also freely change the ID of users who reveal their real identity.At the same time, the semantic security of the proposed protocol is proved by using the random predictor model.Finally, simulation results show the proposed scheme has good security and effectiveness.

Key words: IoV, anonymous traceability, chaotic mapping, group authentication, reverse Hash chain, blockchain

CLC Number:

TN915.08

Haibo ZHANG, Hongwu HUANG, Kaijian LIU, Xiaofan HE. Verifiably secure fast group authentication protocol with anonymous traceability for Internet of vehicles[J]. Journal on Communications, 2021, 42(6): 213-225.

Figures/Tables 19

参数	含义
p	一个大素数
h ₀,h₁,h₂	哈希函数
f (u)	掩蔽函数
sd₁,sd₂	哈希函数的初始值
$L', L$	RSU组的组长
OBU_i	车辆V_i对应的OBU
RSU_i	RSU组的第i个RSU
${GID}_{V}^{i}$	第i个RSU组内的车辆组标识
${PID}_{V}^{i}$	RSU_i范围内OBU_i的假名
⊕	异或运算
‖	连接符
RID	RSU的身份标识
${ID}_{V_{i}}$	OBU_i的身份标识
$T_{n_{j}} (x) (\mod p)$	切比雪夫混沌映射^[20]
E /D	加密/解密
$T_{V_{i}^{n}}, T_{R_{i}^{n}}$	时间戳

方案	OBU/MU	RSU/FA/Fog	TA/HA
Zhao方案	$T_{sd} + 3 T_{mul} + 8 T_{h} \approx 0.172 4 ms$	$2 T_{se} + T_{sd} + T_{ase} + T_{asd} + 3 T_{mul} + 4 T_{h} \approx 1.376 3 ms$	$T_{se} + T_{sd} + T_{ase} + T_{asd} + 4 T_{mul} + 7 T_{h} \approx 1.433 4 ms$
Cui方案	$4 T_{chev} + 3 T_{h} \approx 0.158 4 ms$	$3 T_{chev} + 2 T_{h} \approx 0.116 8 ms$	$3 T_{h} \approx 0.024 0 ms$
本文方案	$3 T_{chev} + (L + 5) T_{h} \approx (0.140 8 + 0.008 L) ms$	$2 T_{chev} + (L + 2) T_{h} \approx (0.083 2 + 0.008 L) ms$	$T_{chev} + 4 T_{h} \approx 0.065 6 ms$

方案	UE/OBU	OBU_m/AP/RSU
Zhao方案	$T_{mul} + 2 T_{h} \approx 0.067 4 ms$	$T_{mul} + 2 T_{h} \approx 0.067 4 ms$
Cui方案	$T_{se} +8 T_{chev} + 8 T_{h} \approx 0.351 1 ms$	$2 T_{se} +10 T_{chev} +9 T_{h} \approx 0.444 6 ms$
本文方案	$T_{chev} + (L - i + 2) T_{h} \approx (0.049 6 + 0.008 (L - i)) ms$	$2 T_{chev} + (L - i + 1) T_{h} \approx (0.075 2 + 0.008 (L - i)) ms$

方案	接入认证	切换认证
Zhao方案	$2 B_{ID} + 2 B_{h} + 4 B_{mul} + 3 B_{se} + 2 B_{ase} = 4 352 bit$	$B_{h} + 2 B_{mul} = 800 bit$
Cui方案	$3 B_{ID} + 4 B_{t} + 3 B_{h} + 4 B_{chev} = 3 008 bit$	$4 B_{h} + 3 B_{chev} + B_{se} + B_{sk} = 2 464 bit$
本文方案	$5 B_{ID} + 7 B_{t} + 13 B_{h} + 2 B_{R} + 3 B_{chev} = 4 800 bit$	$2 B_{ID} + 2 B_{t} + 2 B_{h} + B_{chev} = 1 184 bit$

References 26

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安全需求	Zhao方案	Cui方案	本文协议
用户匿名性	√	√	√
双向认证	√	×	√
抵御重放攻击	√	√	√
抵御中间人攻击	√	√	√
抵御OBU/MU仿冒攻击	√	√	√
抵御RSU/FA/Fog仿冒攻击	√	√	√
抵御TA/HA仿冒攻击	√	×	√
生成会话密钥	√	√	√
前向/后向安全性	√	√	√
可追溯性	×	×	√
可撤销性	×	×	√
用户ID自由变更	×	×	√

密码学操作	运算时间/ms
SHA256	8 128
MD5	7 831
DES/E	18 252
DES/D	18 205
RSA/E	37 597
RSA/D	1 097 717
ECC点乘	51 449
切比雪夫映射	33 622

Verifiably secure fast group authentication protocol with anonymous traceability for Internet of vehicles

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