数据资产价值评估与定价：研究综述和展望

doi:10.11959/issn.2096-0271.2021035

Abstract

Abstract:

In the digital economy era, data has become a new key production factor.As a new form of assets, how to manage the value of data assets has become a new research topic.Through literature research, the research results of domestic and foreign scholars on data asset value management were analyzed systematically.And the concept of data asset value index on this basis was recommended, which was used to measure the relative value of data assets.The process of calculating the data asset value index by the use of analytic hierarchy process and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were summarized, and the steps were decomposed.The internal connection and difference between the value and price of the data asset, the value assessment and the pricing of the data asset were demonstrated.The prospect for future research on data asset value management was proposed.

Key words: data asset, data asset value index, data asset assessment, data asset pricing

CLC Number:

TP301

Chuanru YIN, Tao JIN, Peng ZHANG, Jianmin WANG, Jiayi CHEN. Assessment and pricing of data assets:research review and prospect[J]. Big Data Research, 2021, 7(4): 14-27.

Figures/Tables 15

References 30

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一级维度	二级维度
颗粒度	数据属性数量、数据属性类型、数据属性精度、数据属性准确性、数据属性长度、数据属性完整性、数据属性合规性、维护频率、数据属性格式、编码方式、标准、命名规则
多维度	数据来源种类、数据来源数量、数据来源方式、数据来源类型、数据覆盖范围、数据重复率、数据一致性、数据采集方式
活性度	数据更新频率、数据访问频率、数据存在时间、数据更新差异大小、访问系统数量、常用属性数量、累积访问次数、累积更新次数
规模度	数据量、数据使用范围、数据大小、数据增长速度、数据获取难易程度、数据独占程度
关联度	流入数据流量、流出数据流量、流入数据频率、流出数据频率、流入数据大小、流出数据大小、流入数据关联强度、流出数据关联强度、数据依赖程度、数据独立程度

标度	含义
1	表示两个因素同等重要
3	表示一个因素比另一个因素稍微重要
5	表示一个因素比另一个因素明显重要
7	表示一个因素比另一个因素强烈重要
9	表示一个因素比另一个因素极端重要
2、4、6、8	为上述相邻判断的中值

评价指标	完整性	正确性	一致性	重复性
完整性	1	1	3	5
正确性	1	1	3	5
一致性	1/3	1/3	1	3
重复性	1/5	1/5	1/3	1

二级指标	强	较强	较弱	弱
完整性	2	3	3	2
活跃性	3	4	2	1
唯一性	1	4	2	3
准确性	2	3	4	1

等级	强	较强	较弱	弱
对应分数	100	80	60	40

Assessment and pricing of data assets:research review and prospect

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方法	优势	局限性
成本法	·易于理解，以成本构成为基础；	· 数据资产对应的成本不易区分，数据资产为生产经营中的衍生产物，对于部分数据资产来说，没有对应的直接成本，且间接成本的分摊不易估计；
	·计算简单，以加总计算为主	·数据资产的贬值因素不易估计，造成各类数据资产贬值的因素各不相同；
		·无法体现数据资产可以产生的收益
收益法	·反映了数据资产的经济价值；	·数据资产的使用期限不易确定；
	·直观，易于理解	·数据资产直接产生的收益难以区分；
		·需要确定未来收益风险因素及影响程度，进而确定价值调整系数；
		·数据资产在不同场景下的收益不同，需要具体分析

定价策略	含义
固定定价	固定定价是指数据卖方和交易平台根据数据商品的成本和效用，结合市场供需情况，设定一个固定价格在交易平台上出售，最终成交价即该固定价格
动态定价	价格会随着时效和需求的变化而变化
差别定价	差别定价是指以反映成本费用差异的不同价格来销售一种数据产品或服务。这种差别定价是基于不同的消费者获取数据的愿望不同而实现的
拉姆齐价格	拉姆齐价格是一种高于边际成本的定价，此价格下净收益与净损失的差值最大。这种定价策略主要针对公共数据服务，这些服务经济效益不高却极具社会效益，设置拉姆齐价格有利于提高效率
自动计价	自动计价是指交易所针对每一个数据品种设计自动计价计算式，卖方和买方在交易系统的自动撮合下成交
协商定价	协商定价是指买方和卖方直接通过协商来达成对数据商品价值的一致认可
拍卖定价	拍卖定价属于需求导向定价，适用于一个卖方和多个买方交易的情形
免费增值	免费增值由免费和增值付费两部分组成。在免费期间提升客户满意度和顾客黏性，增强客户的依赖性，潜在客户数量最庞大。不少开源社区采取该策略，十分有效地吸引了用户
使用量定价	价格会随着时效和需求的变化而变化，主要适用于批量的、廉价的数据

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