基于利润最大化的数据资产价值评估模型

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-0271.2020020

Abstract

Abstract:

The idea that data is valuable and will become an economic commodity has become a consensus.However,the nonrivalry of data makes that the value of data is different from tangible assets.A correct understanding of the value of data is the premise and guarantee for the realization of data sharing and exchange and for the development of digital economy.Firstly,the evaluation method of data value and the commodity attribute of data assets were analyzed.Then the market model of data assets transaction was discussed.Finally,a profit model of participants was proposed based on the comprehensive reviews of data asset attributes and market model.The profit of participants in data market was modeled,and a guide for participants entering the market was provided.

Key words: data asset, data market, transaction model

CLC Number:

TP399

Xiangqian DONG, Bing GUO, Yan SHEN, Xuliang DUAN, Yuncheng SHEN, Hong ZHANG. Data assets value evaluation model based on profit maximization[J]. Big Data Research, 2020, 6(3): 13-20.

Figures/Tables 3

属性	含义
数据主权/数据所有权/知识产权	数据所有者对数据的控制权。数据主权强调在数据使用前需经数据所有者同意（知情权）
可信性/可审核性/可追踪性/真实性	包括数据提供者、数据收集与处理过程的可信性与可验证性
可重用性/非竞争性/可共享性	源自数据“一次收集重复使用”的特性。可重用性意味着数据商品是非消耗品，决定了数据商品价值的特殊性，也意味着劳动（数据收集）报酬率是恒定的
可交换性	指数据在不同主体间的协同性、易用性。可交换性要求数据应遵循特定的格式，如CVS、API等
可操作性	消费者购买的数据应能支持其业务需求，并且执行业务的相关操作和流程是可行的
可度量性	包括数据作为经济商品进行评估和交换的可度量性以及数据处理的可度量性。可度量是成本估计的前提
可查找性	对于人类和计算机来说，数据应该是易于识别和查找的。数据的可查找性依赖元数据的有效组织及其可搜索性
可访问性	数据应长期存储，以便在特定的条件下访问或下载。数据的可访问性依赖有效的数据存储技术
互操作性	易与其他数据集联合，不存在术语及语义上的差别。数据互操作性依赖元数据规范及形式化规则
时效性	数据的价值随时间的推移而显著降低
质量	既指高质量数据的相关特性，也指提高数据质量的过程。前者指满足数据消费者的期望和需求的程度
价值	实现消费者业务需求的程度。数据的价值随数据的精度、使用率以及与其他数据集的结合力的增加而
	增长，但随时间的推移而显著降低（数据的时效性）。数据价值并不随着数据量的增加而成比例增长
品牌	数据服务的认知程度

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名称	含义
基于成本的方法	依据数据产生、数据收集及数据处理所需的全部成本确定数据价值的方法
基于隐私的方法	通过数据隐私保密度衡量数据价值的方法，常用隐私保护算法的参数（如差分隐私、k-匿名中的参数ε和k）来度量
基于市场的方法	根据等价产品的市场价格或用户的支付意愿确定数据价值的方法
基于收入的方法	通过估计数据形成的生产力或未来带来的现金流定义数据价值的方法
收益货币化方法	通过定义特定数据产品的收益，并将收益货币化来估计数据价值的方法
基于影响的方法	通过评估数据可用性对经济和社会结果的影响，或通过评估由于数据有限或质量差而导致的效率低下或决策失误而产生的成本来确定数据价值的方法

Data assets value evaluation model based on profit maximization

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