海上通信技术发展与研究综述

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022087

Abstract

Abstract:

With the increasing frequency of maritime activities, the development of the maritime communication technology plays an important role.However, due to the complex and changeable maritime environment and the inconsistent communication system standards, the development of maritime communications has significantly lagged.Firstly, maritime communications were divided into four main components, including airspace, land, sea, and crossdomain coordination, according to the difference in communication methods.Then, the development process and research status on a global scale were summarized from the industrial and academic perspectives.Moreover, the main problems existing in the maritime communication were analyzed based on the connections and differences between the different systems.Finally, the technical challenges in the new generation of maritime communication systems were specifically elaborated, including the study of wave motion models learning, maritime channel modeling, atmospheric duct effects, and microwave scattering effects.

Key words: maritime communication, lagging development, airspace, land, sea, cross-domain coordination

CLC Number:

TN92

Hao DONG, Liang SONG, Cunqing HUA, Lingya LIU, Junhua TANG. Survey of the research and development on the maritime communication technology[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2022, 38(5): 1-17.

Figures/Tables 6

海上通信类型	参考文献	主要内容
基于空域的海上通信	文献[25]	结合SDN和网络虚拟化技术，提高卫星网络的适应能力和资源利用率
	文献[26]	使用点波束技术提高频率效率，以及允许海上终端小型化
	文献[27]	基于时变建模提高适应动态环境能力
	文献[28]	解决了卫星网络中的用户规划和调度问题
	文献[29]	基于资源分配策略，协调卫星和地面网络，提高系统整理性能
	文献[30]	研究了海上目标定位问题，提出一种新的定位算法和航线轨迹记录
基于陆地的海上通信	文献[36-37]	扩展地面蜂窝网络，提高海上通信性能
	文献[38]	提出了海上信道估计的两径模型
	文献[39]	提出了三射线路径损耗模型
	文献[40]	以虚拟云服务，考虑岸基通信中用户的天线选择方案
	文献[41]	提出了一种基于LTE技术的沿海网络架构
	文献[42]	基于大规模MIMO，结合预编码技术降低系统复杂度和开销
基于海域的海上通信	文献[45]	利用空间数据流，提供智能船舶交通服务
	文献[46-49]	经典通信技术在海上通信中应用提出使用多向天线来提高船对船的通信效率
	文献[50-52]	自组织海上通信来扩大海上通信网络覆盖范围
	文献[53]	设计了一个无线多跳回程网络来提高船舶间自组织网络性能
	文献[54]	提出了导频域非正交多路访问技术，解决导频功率污染问题
	文献[55-56]	针对海上信道探测估计问题，根据海上特性提出了新的算法
	文献[61-68]	新型技术在海上通信的应用研究
基于跨域协同的海上通信	文献[69]	提出依靠现有的卫星和地面系统、无人机回传，扩大海洋通信的覆盖范围
	文献[70]	针对快速宽带海事覆盖场景，提出一种混合多层通信框架
	文献[71]	使用缓存无人机辅助的解码转发中继策略，优化无人机部署位置
	文献[72-73]	提出融合空域和海域的海上传输方案，优化覆盖范围
	文献[74-78]	基于混合卫星—无人机—地面网络的框架

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海上通信类型	系统	主要业务	速率	通信距离
基于空域的海上通信	Inmarsat-1	模拟语音，传真	低速率	远距离
	Inmarsat-2	数字语音，传真	中低速率	远距离
	Inmarsat-3	支持移动分组数据服务	中速率	远距离
	Inmarsat-4	支持突发剧增通信需求	492 kbit/s	远距离
	Iridium NEXT	为移动终端提供更多带宽和更高速率	128 kbit/s	远距离
	Global Xpress	支持全球用户高速率服务	上行5 Mbit/s 下行50 Mbit/s	远距离
	EchoStar-19	应急救援服务	200 Gbit/s	远距离
	天通一号	支持亚太地区互联网服务	9.6 kbit/s	远距离
	北斗卫星导航系统	定位、导航、遇险求救和通告	中速率	远距离
	实践十三号卫星	满足中国近海海域通信需求	高速率	远距离
基于陆地的海上通信	NAVTEX	提供海事安全信息直接打印服务	300 bit/s	离岸200 n mile以内
	PACTOR	提供纯文本电子邮件服务	10.5 kbit/s	-----
	AIS	提供船舶避碰和安全航行等服务	9.6 kbit/s	视距范围
	离岸LTE网络	提供海上生产通信服务	上行1 Mbit/s 下行2Mbit/s	离岸20 5～0km
	TD-LTE试用网络	提供海上应用宽带服务	7 Mbit/s	离岸30 km
基于海域的海上通信	永暑礁—中国移动	提供附近船只通信服务	15 Mbit/s	-----
	南沙群岛—中国电信	提供附近船只通信覆盖和服务	高速率	-----
	海上移动自组织网络（日本）	扩大海上通信覆盖范围	1.2 kbit/s	离岸70 km
	TRITON（新加坡）	扩大海上通信覆盖范围	6 Mbit/s	离岸27 km
	Internet.org（Facebook）	提供海上用户免费网络访问服务	低速率	视距范围
	Loon（Google）	提供紧急通信服务	10 Mbit/s	视距范围
	BLUECOM +	扩展陆基通信覆盖范围	3 Mbit/s	视距范围

海上通信系统	网络拓扑动态变化	可靠性较低	不同系统的差异性
基于空域	√	√	—
基于陆地	√	√	—
基于海域	√	√	—
基于跨域协同	√	√	√

Survey of the research and development on the maritime communication technology

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