LTE-Advanced异构网络中负载均衡研究进展及展望

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0801.2014.10.018

Abstract

Abstract:

With next-generation mobile communication networks evolving to high dense, amorphous and heterogeneous network, matching the demand for business with the supply of resources has been one of the challenging problems of resource management in heterogeneous network（HetNet）, namely load balancing problem. The general load balancing problems are formulated. Following that, a comprehensive taxonomic approach to classifying algorithms of load balancing was proposed, based on which detailed analyses and thorough comparisons for the main strategies in recent years were made; and several schemes to reduce signaling overhead were compared and analyzed in the load balancing process. Finally, research results were summarized, and some new issues in load balancing strategies conforming to the trends to be further studied were pointed out.

Key words: LTE-Advanced, heterogeneous network, load balancing

Juanxiong Xu,Yisha Liu,Lun Tang,Qianbin Chen. Survey on Research Progress of Load Balancing in LTE-Advanced Heterogeneous Network[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2014, 30(10): 116-128.

Figures/Tables 15

	方案1	方案2	方案3	方案4	方案5
应用场景	场景1由 UTRAN 到E-UTRAN 小区负载报告	场景1由 UTRAN 到E-UTRAN 小区负载报告	场景1由E-UTRAN 到UTRAN小区负载报告	场景1由E-UTRAN到UTRAN小区负载报告	场景1由 E-UTRAN 到UTRAN小区负载报告
减少的信令开销	高；减少了 S1和 Iu接口上的请求和响应消息的数量。根据每个组的从基站的数目，S1与Iu接口上的信令开销减少到1/N	低；减少了Iu接口上的响应消息的数量， S1接口不变。根据请求相同级别的报告的基站数目，Iu 接口上的信令减少到1/N	中；减少了S1和Iu接口上的响应消息的数量。根据请求相同级别的报告的基站数目，S1和Iu 接口上的信令减少到1/N	中；减少了S1和Iu 接口上的请求消息的数量。如果主基站在短时间内得到多个从基站小区负载信息，就会减少 S1和 Iu 上的响应消息。S1与Iu接口上的信令开销减少到1/N	低；减少了Iu接口上请求和响应消息的数量， S1接口不变。在Iu接口上减少的请求消息的数量为1/N,N列表中基站的数目Iu接口上减少的响应消息的数目最多为1/N（如果在计时器规定的时间内多个基站的负载信息到达MME）
减少切换时延	没有影响	没有影响	没有影响	没有影响	没有影响
接入网资源利用率	中；由RNC 发送的请求和响消息更少；主基站需要更多的内存将负载信息响应分发给从基站	中；由RNC发送的响应消息更少；RNC 在负载信息交互过程中需要更多的内存处理组基站的信息	低；由RNC 发送的响应消息更少；RNC在负载信息交互过程中需要更多的内存处理组基站的信息	中；由RNC 发送的请求和响应消息更少；主基站需要更多的内存来收集从基站响应的负载信息	低；由RNC 发送更少的请求消息与接收更少的响应消息；RNC 需要更多的内存处理目标基站的负载信息
核心网资源利用率	高；通过 MME 与SGSN 转发的请求和响应消息更少	中；通过 MME 与SGSN 转发的请求和响应消息更少；MME需要更多的内存来处理负载流程，将响应消息发送给基站	高；通过MME与SGSN转发的请求和响应消息更少	中；通过MME与SGSN转发的请求和响应消息更少	中；通过MME与SGSN转发的请求和响应消息更少；MME 需要更多的处理流程
对用户的影响	没有影响	没有影响	没有影响	没有影响	没有影响
对基站的影响	高；主基站将会终止从基站的 UTRAN 小区的负载报告请求，并将接收到的 UTRAN小区的负载信息分发给从基站；主基站与从基站之间需要进行请求响应消息交互， X2接口将会有更多的信令交互	低；当接收到一个RIM PDU时，基站需要检测是否包含在其目标小区的识别列表中	高；当接收到RIM PDU时，如果一个基站通过S1接口在SON容器中检测到其他基站的ID，它将会通过X2接口将UTRAN 的小区负载信息发送给其他的基站；其他的基站通过X2接口接收响应消息，通过S1接口发送请求消息， X2接口将会有更多的信令交互	中；当接收到EUTRAN小区负载请求时，主基站应该检测所请求小区的额定负载信息是否可用，否则主基站通过X2接口向小区请求负载状态消息；主基站应该将所有的EUTRAN 小区负载请求消息封装在一个RIM PDU中，并将它们发送给 RNC,X2接口将会有更多的信令交互	没有影响；基站的行为没有变化
对 RNC/Node B的影响	没有影响	高；RNC 将包括一个新的目标地址，在响应消息中应该包括多个基站的全局 ID 或TAI;RNC 需要根据请求级别将基站分组	高；在响应消息中， RNC 应该在SON 转发容器中包含其他基站的 ID;RNC 根据请求级别和基站的X2接口的关系将基站分组	中；在请求消息中， RNC 应该设置报告小区的IE识别号给请求小区的ID	高；在请求消息中，RNC应该设置报告小区的IE识别号给请求小区的ID
对核心网（CN）的影响	没影响	中	没影响	没影响	高
对OAM的影响	中；配置主/从基站信息；配置组内相同报告级别基站信息	没影响	中；配置基站到 RNC与组内基站的X2接口关系	中；配置RNC 的组信息；将UTRAN小区的相邻基站划分为一组，每个组由一个主基站和几个从基站组成	中；RNC需要被配置eNB和TAI，以使得它知道哪个基站需要被联系

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	基站	OAM
信息	当前基站所在小区的实时流量负载	一定范围内多个小区负载的历史信息
休眠	通过小区内部触发机制进入休眠状态，完全进入休眠状态前通过X2接口通知相邻小区	通过北向接口（Itf-N）传递小区休眠的OAM信息给需要休眠的基站，小区状态信息由X2接口传递给相邻基站
唤醒	相邻基站通过X2接口传递小区的唤醒命令将休眠小区唤醒	通过Itf-N传递小区唤醒的OAM信息给需要休眠的基站，小区状态信息由X2接口传递给相邻基站
	相邻基站通过X2接口传递小区的唤醒命令将休眠小区唤醒	通过Itf-N传递小区唤醒的OAM信息给需要休眠的基站，小区状态信息由X2接口传递给相邻基站

				宏蜂窝下Pico节点的数目
			offset=0 dB			offset=3 dB
		4		10	4		10
下行	5% 吞吐量	×1.5		×1.6	×2.1（1.40）		×2.6（1.59）
	50%吞吐量	×4		×7.6	×4.8（1.21）		×9.7（1.28）
上行	5% 吞吐量	×4.6		×4.7	×13.7（2.98）		×6.2（1.33）
	50% 吞吐量	×8.3		×10.2	×8.3（1.00）		×11.6（1.14）

	触发机制		效用函数			小区范围扩张
	负载值	负载差值	关联	ICIC	节能	Pico	SON
相关技术	LB、RRM			LB、FFR、RRM、节能		LB、RRM、SON
核心参数	负载值（资源利用率／呼叫阻塞率／接入用户数）			全网效用函数的选取		各个节点之间的切换偏移量
核心参数	负载值（资源利用率／呼叫阻塞率／接入用户数）		关联因子	用户干扰	降低能耗
折中因子	不考虑		资源利用率与阻塞率	干扰与频谱效率	吞吐量与能耗	不考虑
信令开销	小	大	大	大	大	中	大
复杂度	小，只需要与预设的门限比较	中，比较次数多	较高，用户与基站进行匹配	中，分布式比集中式开销大	高，休眠与超载都要切换	较高，依据求解切换量的算法而定	高，取决于SON智能算法和调整切换偏移量算法
切换时延	较低	中	中	中	中	中	高
切换失败率	较高	较低	低	较低	较高	较低	低
呼叫阻塞率	较高	较低	低	较低	较高	较低	低
资源利用率	较低	较高	高	较低	较低	较高	高
全网吞吐量	较高	较高	高	较低	较低	较高	高
选择目标基站端	用户／基站	用户／基站	基站	基站	基站	用户	用户
难点	无难点	获取相邻节点的信息并循环比较	获取相邻节点的信息并设置偏置因子	获取相邻并无同频干扰节点的信息	休眠小区阈值设置	Pico 等低功率节点的切换偏移值设置	引入智能算法的求解难度高

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Survey on Research Progress of Load Balancing in LTE-Advanced Heterogeneous Network

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