基于Stackelberg博弈的无人机辅助无线供能物联网能量优化

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2022231

通信学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (12): 146-156.doi: 10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2022231

基于Stackelberg博弈的无人机辅助无线供能物联网能量优化

黄旭民¹^,², 张旸¹, 余荣¹, 蒋丽¹, 田辉³, 吴远²^,⁴

¹ 广东工业大学自动化学院，广东广州 510006
² 澳门大学智慧城市物联网国家重点实验室，澳门 999078
³ 北京邮电大学网络与交换技术国家重点实验室，北京 100876
⁴ 澳门大学计算机与信息科学系，澳门 999078

修回日期:2022-10-28 出版日期:2022-12-25 发布日期:2022-12-01
作者简介:黄旭民（1990- ），男，广东普宁人，博士，广东工业大学副教授，主要研究方向为车联网、移动边缘计算、区块链和深度学习
张旸（1998- ），广东廉江人，女，广东工业大学硕士生，主要研究方向为无线网络资源管理、移动边缘计算和深度学习
余荣（1979- ），男，广东饶平人，博士，广东工业大学教授，主要研究方向为边缘计算、深度学习、区块链、数字孪生、网联汽车、智能电网和物联网
蒋丽（1986- ），女，四川简阳人，博士，广东工业大学副教授，主要研究方向为移动区块链、移动边缘计算、D2D 通信、数字孪生网络以及 B5G 和 6G 网络的资源管理
田辉（1963- ），女，河南郑州人，博士，北京邮电大学教授，主要研究方向无线资源管理、智能边缘计算、移动社交网络
吴远（1981- ），男，浙江杭州人，博士，澳门大学教授，主要研究方向为无线网络资源管理、绿色通信与计算、移动边缘计算、边缘智能
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划基金资助项目(2020YFB1807802);国家自然科学基金资助项目(62001125);国家自然科学基金资助项目(61971148)

Stackelberg game based energy optimization for unmanned aerial vehicle assisted wireless-powered Internet of things

Xumin HUANG¹^,², Yang ZHANG¹, Rong YU¹, Li JIANG¹, Hui TIAN³, Yuan WU²^,⁴

¹ School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
² State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
³ State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
⁴ Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China

Revised:2022-10-28 Online:2022-12-25 Published:2022-12-01
Supported by:
The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFB1807802);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(62001125);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(61971148)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

无人机结合无线能量传输的技术可为物联网终端设备提供能量供应。为了解决充电用户与无人机之间自由公平的能量交易问题，提出一种基于Stackelberg博弈的能量交易方案，赋予用户主方角色，由其决策服务奖励，各无人机作为从方通过能量供应来竞争获取奖励，参考无线能量传输过程中的平均信道增益决策服务用户的充电时长。运用逆向归纳法分析并求解Stackelberg均衡解。实验仿真表明，所提方案可有效减少用户在能量交易中的经济开销，提高用户满意度，实现用户侧能量优化。

关键词: 无人机, 无线能量传输, Stackelberg博弈, 用户侧能量优化

Abstract:

The technology integrating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) with wireless power transfer is applied to provide energy supply for Internet of things devices.A Stackelberg game scheme was further proposed to tackle the problem on free and fair energy trading between a charging user and multiple UAV.The user played as a game leader and determined the rewards while each UAV played as a game follower, which competed for the rewards through the energy supply, and refered to the average channel gain during the wireless power transfer to determine the charging time for the user.The Stackelberg equilibrium solution was analyzed and derived by the backward induction method.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the economic cost for the user in the energy trading, thereby improving user satisfaction and achieving the user-side energy optimization.

Key words: UAV, wireless power transfer, Stackelberg game, user-side energy optimization

中图分类号:

TN925

黄旭民, 张旸, 余荣, 蒋丽, 田辉, 吴远. 基于Stackelberg博弈的无人机辅助无线供能物联网能量优化[J]. 通信学报, 2022, 43(12): 146-156.

Xumin HUANG, Yang ZHANG, Rong YU, Li JIANG, Hui TIAN, Yuan WU. Stackelberg game based energy optimization for unmanned aerial vehicle assisted wireless-powered Internet of things[J]. Journal on Communications, 2022, 43(12): 146-156.

图/表 10

图1

表1

系统参数"

参数	含义	参数	含义
∩	IoTD周边的所有无人机的集合	$η_{i}^{t}$	UAV i在空间中的WPT效率
$p_{i}^{LoS}$	UAV i 与IoTD建立LoS通信链路的概率	$ρ_{i}$	IoTD单位时间内从UAV i获取的能量
$θ_{i}$	IoTD与UAV之间的相对仰角	$P_{i}^{H}$	UAV i悬停功率
d_i	IoTD与UAV之间的距离	R	IoTD提供给所有UAV的总奖励
f_c	载波频率	c_i	UAV i单位时间的充电成本
s	光速	$κ$	单位能量的经济成本
$γ^{LoS}$	视线线路通信链路下的大尺度路径损耗系数	E_th	IoTD能量供应阈值
$γ^{NLoS}$	非视距通信链路下的大尺度路径损耗系数	$λ, μ$	IoTD效用函数中自定义的常数
${\bar{g}}_{i}$	UAV i与IoTD通信的平均信道增益	$t$	所有UAV的策略集合
t_i	UAV i服务IoTD的充电时长	$t_{- i}$	除UAV i外其他UAV的策略集合
e_i	IoTD从UAV i获得的能量	$t_{i}^{*}$	UAV i的最优充电时长
$η^{c}$	IoTD侧将射频率能量转直流的功率转换效率	R^*	IoTD提供的最优服务奖励

表1

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基于Stackelberg博弈的无人机辅助无线供能物联网能量优化

Stackelberg game based energy optimization for unmanned aerial vehicle assisted wireless-powered Internet of things

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