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20 May 2022, Volume 38 Issue 5

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Review

Survey of the research and development on the maritime communication technology

Hao DONG, Liang SONG, Cunqing HUA, Lingya LIU, Junhua TANG

2022, 38(5):  1-17.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022087

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With the increasing frequency of maritime activities, the development of the maritime communication technology plays an important role.However, due to the complex and changeable maritime environment and the inconsistent communication system standards, the development of maritime communications has significantly lagged.Firstly, maritime communications were divided into four main components, including airspace, land, sea, and crossdomain coordination, according to the difference in communication methods.Then, the development process and research status on a global scale were summarized from the industrial and academic perspectives.Moreover, the main problems existing in the maritime communication were analyzed based on the connections and differences between the different systems.Finally, the technical challenges in the new generation of maritime communication systems were specifically elaborated, including the study of wave motion models learning, maritime channel modeling, atmospheric duct effects, and microwave scattering effects.

Topic: 5G Industy Application

Study on 5G wireless network enhancement technology for time sensitive networks

Jincan XIN, Sen XU, Hua ZHANG, Shangkun XIONG, Hua XU

2022, 38(5):  18-25.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022085

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5G deterministic network is a new type of industrial communication technology vigorously promoted by the international industry.3GPP had introduced the time-sensitive communication technology to facilitate deterministic transmission.Compared with ultra-reliable and low-latency communication technology, time-sensitive communication technology further enhanced the 5G network in terms of delay jitter and time synchronization to realize the end-to-end time sensitive communication.Characteristics of time sensitive communication technology were analyzed.Based on the time-sensitive networking and 5G network converged architecture, the time-sensitive communication technology reduces the time synchronization error through the accurate time synchronization mechanism.Additionally, the scheduling enhancement mechanism was introduced to reduce the transmission delay.Furthermore, the Ethernet header compression mechanism was proposed to improve transmission efficiency.

Research on the edge-end collaboration framework for deterministic network

Guangmin SONG, Qunqing WANG, Zhanbing HUANG, Xun SHI, Gaojian HAN

2022, 38(5):  26-37.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022090

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5G vertical industries such as industrial automatic control have strict requirements on network transmission delay and reliability.It was focused on the AGV collaborative carrying scenarios, in which the key quality indicator (KQI) of the AGV collaboration and the requirements for network jitter were analyzed.Existing 5G ultra-low-latency technologies, such as the pre-scheduling mechanism, reduce transmission scheduling latency by reserving a large number of time-frequency resources, which heavily decreases spectrum efficiency.In addition, wireless channel quality factors such as weak coverage and interference, often cause large jitter, making it difficult to meet the service reliability requirements.In order to deal with these challenges, a deterministic edge-end cooperation framework design to guarantee end-to-end latency was proposed.Based on service flow characteristics, resource reservation was utilized to reduce scheduling latency.Moreover, the proposed framework could enhance data transmissions when poor status of channels was sensed.The experimental results show that the edge-end collaboration framework design can effectively increase the delay reliability, reduce the large jitter, and improve the KQI of AGV collaboration.

5G X-Cube enables the large-scale development of 5G customized network

Lei CAO, Li LI, Shengye HU, Zhimin ZHONG, Zhihui GAN, Xiaodong DONG, Bojiao MA, Tao ZHANG

2022, 38(5):  38-44.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022095

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In the current process of large-scale development of 5G customized networks, telecom operators are facing with difficulties such as difficulty in real-time response to customized needs of industrial customers and difficulty in quickly replicating benchmarking experiences on a large scale.The concept of 5G X-Cube was innovatively proposed Through the modularization and standardization of requirements, capabilities, and products, a capability body that could be combined and innovated was formed.Industrial customer needs were quickly transformed into customized network configuration parameters to achieve real-time response to 5G customization needs.As an online 5G customized network intelligent expert, 5G X-Cube applies intelligent technology to the real-time packaging of 5G solutions, leading a new path for the scale development of the 5G customized network.

Research on 5G banking industry private network solution

Yafeng WANG, Chunhua LIANG, Lanlan ZHU, Xiaoping WANG

2022, 38(5):  45-53.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022084

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At present, China is in the wave of new infrastructure construction.It had become an industry consensus to accelerate the construction of new information infrastructure resources such as 5G and computing resources, and then it was integrated with advanced technologies such as AI and big data to promote the high-quality development of China’s digital economy.As the main force of the digital economy, the banking industry urgently need to vigorously develop financial technology and explore intelligent transformation.Based on the industry pain points of the banking industry, combined with the urgent needs of customers in the banking industry, five business scenarios were sorted out including AI passenger flow insight and 5G+XR immersive marketing, and the key issues of planning and networking in the banking industry based on the above five business scenarios were summarized.It will help to construct of the industry’s 5G private network and successfully realize the digital and intelligent transformation of China’s banks.

A solution for intelligent park based on 5G MEC

Xiaoli FENG, Chen LIU, Liwei ZHANG, Xiaoyun WANG

2022, 38(5):  54-63.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022094

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Beside the normal consumers, 5G will be applied in the industry manufacture, chemical industry, and power energy, etc.How to exploit the 5G, multi-access edge computing (MEC) and other technologies to satisfy the digital transformation of enterprise becomes a hot topic.Therefore, the 5G MEC-based intelligent park solution was proposed based on the different scenarios.Secure fixed and mobile connection with high bandwidth, and flexible computation infrastructure for applications was provided.Secondly, according to the various scenarios, the corresponding solution was presented.In addition, the detailed deployment scheme of the project was discussed for the future deployment.

Research and Development

Analysis for rank distribution of BATS codes under time-variant channels

Shiheng WANG, Heng LIU, Lin TANG, Jinling SU, Ruiqi ZHANG

2022, 38(5):  64-74.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022096

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As a two-step coding technique applied in multi-hop networks with a low complexity, the transmission performance of batched sparse (BATS) code was directly related to the rank distribution of the transfer matrix.Based on the assumption that the packet loss rate of each link on the erasure channel was constant, the rank distribution of the batch sparse codes on the erasure correction channel had been widely studied.However, in some scenarios such as the industrial Internet, a large number of mobile nodes were deployed in the whole network, which may cause the channels among nodes to become time-varying, that was, the packet loss rate on the link may vary with time.Therefore, under the assumption that the link packet loss rate between nodes in the network changes randomly, the rank distribution of batched sparse code transmission matrix was studied when random linear network coding (RLNC) and system recoding were used as inner coding schemes, and the closed solution of normalized rank expectation was deduced when the link packet loss rate obeyed the finite interval normal distribution.The correctness of the closed solutions was verified by Monte Carlo simulation.

DropBlock based bimodal hybrid neural network for wireless communication modulation recognition

Yan GAO, Jian SHI, Shengyu MA, Bolin MA, Guangxue YUE

2022, 38(5):  75-86.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022099

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As an intermediate step of signal detection and demodulation, automatic modulation recognition played a momentous role in wireless communication system.Aiming at the low recognition accuracy of existing automatic modulation recognition methods, a bimodal hybrid neural network (BHNN) was proposed, which utilized complementary gain information contained in multiple modes to enrich feature dimensions.The improved residual network was connected in parallel with the bidirectional gated loop unit to construct a bimodal hybrid neural network model, and the spatial and temporal features of the signal were extracted respectively.The DropBlock regularization algorithm was introduced to effectively suppress the influence of over fitting, gradient disappearance and gradient explosion on the recognition accuracy in the process of network training.Using bimodal data input, the spatial and temporal characteristics of signals were fully utilized, and the network depth was reduced through parallel connection.The model convergence was accelerated, and the recognition accuracy of modulated signals was improved.In order to verify the effectiveness of the model, two public datasets were used to simulate the model.The results show that BHNN has high recognition accuracy and strong stability on the two datasets, and the recognition accuracy can reach 89% and 93.63% respectively under high signal-to-noise ratio.

Pilot interference mitigation for TDD cell-free massive MIMO systems

Yue WANG, Fangmin XU, Haiyan CAO

2022, 38(5):  87-94.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022071

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To alleviate the pilot interference for cell-free massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system and improve system’s performance, a comprehensive approach including the pilot reuse, access point (AP) selection and power allocation was proposed.Firstly, to alleviate the pilot contamination, the pilot assignment based on the order of user distance was proposed, in which the pilot sharing was only allowed when the distance between two users is large enough to reduce the impact of pilot reuse.Then, by AP selection, only the APs which have main impact on the macro diversity gain were selected as the user’s serving APs.Finally, a modified max-min power control algorithm was proposed to improve the system’s average throughput.Simulation results show that the pilot interference mitigation strategy proposed improves the performance of the system significantly.

Anti-collision online early warning method for construction machinery around transmission line

Chaojie CHEN, Wei XIE, Linwei HE, Qiang TIAN, Runping HE, Zhefei WANG

2022, 38(5):  95-103.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022065

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The transmission line has long transmission distance and complex channel environment.Impacts caused by large construction machinery occur from time to time.The existing anti-collision monitoring scheme of transmission line mainly depends on manual implementation, which not only consumes a lot of human resources, but also is difficult to ensure the monitoring coverage.Therefore, an anti-collision on-line early warning method for construction machinery around the transmission line was proposed.This method innovatively used intelligent sensors and compressed sensing algorithm to realize the automatic on-line early warning of construction machinery threats in the transmission line channel.The pixel distribution characteristics, shape characteristics and distance characteristics of the target were collected by the camera module and microwave ranging module, and transmitted to the background.The background server used the established offline feature target database to realize the research and judgment results of the target through compressed sensing algorithm, and sent out early warning to the threatening target in time.The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of the proposed algorithm can reach 96.34%, and can provide reliable early warning results for the transmission inspection department.

Study on the matching scheme between early warning information dissemination demands and communication network dissemination channels

Jingli WANG, Yu ZHAO

2022, 38(5):  104-113.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022101

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Early warning information dissemination capacity is insufficient in timeliness, accuracy and wide coverage compared with the national emergency management system requirements.The dissemination demands were analyzed from early warning information receivers, emergency degree, receiving area and other factors.The early warning information transmission channels were extended to including cell broadcasting, Tiantong satellite and other communication networks.Then these channels were compared in the aspects of timeliness, accuracy, coverage and cost.For emergency responders and the public, according to typical scenarios, the matching scheme of early warning information communication channel selection was proposed, which laid a foundation for the optimization of communication channel.

Load forecasting based on knowledge flow and transfer learning

Wenjun ZHU, Sining WANG, Xiaoxin GAO, Qian ZHENG

2022, 38(5):  114-123.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022074

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In all things connected, comprehensive perception, intelligent decision-making information era of big data, in the information acquisition of big data and a large amount of signal processing, there are still large amount of data redundancy, calculation and the shortcoming of high cost, not in time, and no marked.The transfer learning was applied, and the knowledge flow system based on the weight impact factor for information fusion was integrated to assist the analysis and simplify the calculation for the IoT sensing system.The knowledge flow mode of transfer learning and data fusion was adopted in the IoT sensing system, and the simulation calculation of short-term load prediction was made based on the partial data of regional power consumption.The influencing factors of users’ electricity consumption behavior were analyzed, and the optimal weight distribution of influencing factors was obtained through training, so as to predict the power consumption rate.The results show that in this way, it can clearly identify the characteristics of electricity consumption behavior, and predict the energy consumption according to the characteristics of electricity consumption.

Theory and Technology

Evolution and industry trend of 5G key technologies

Jing CHONG, Xiaoyong TANG, Lei ZHU, Na LI, Jue ZHANG, Zhengpeng YOU, Peike XU, Jia LIU

2022, 38(5):  124-135.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022097

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With the further integration of 5G and the industry, the current standard-defined Release 15/Release 16/Release 17 capabilities were slightly insufficient to support industry needs.The technological evolution direction of 5G-Advanced (Release 18) was reviewed in detail, and potential technical solutions for the technological evolution were given, including downlink MIMO enhancement, uplink transmission enhancement, mobility enhancement, topology transmission technology enhancement, Sidelink enhancement, RedCap technology evolution, positioning capability expansion and enhancement, AI/ML 5G, etc.At the same time, the current industry scene was analyzed in detail, those existing problems including industry terminal access, access network, E2E QoS guarantee, etc.The 5G technologies including SLA-based industry networking, high out-of-band (OOB) suppression, multi-buffer scheduling (MBS), fully connected industry access network technology, computing force network (CFN) technology, and potential implementation methods were proposed.

5G value plane, the next generation of BSS/OSS consolidated architecture

Jie SUN, Tao SUN, Zhenqiang SUN, Yunxin LIU, Aidong YANG, Da WANG, Peng WANG, Xiaozhou YE, Ye OUYANG

2022, 38(5):  136-148.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022081

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With the development of the mobile communication and Internet technology, the traditional communication business has been developed from voice communication services to diversified and personalized information services, and the value chain structure of the communication industry has been changed from the mobile network operator (MNO)-centered mode to the user experience-centered mode.With the concept of “content-driven”, Internet content providers update their products actively to satisfy the users’ needs, which results in a rapid increase in the market share, while the MNOs are gradually being “pipelined” in the industry value chain.In the process of the digital transformation, MNOs have achieved the on-demand scheduling, flexible adaptation, and rapid deployment by reconfiguring and abstracting 5G network functions, and have enhanced the user experience using a user centric operation model based on the business support system (BSS)/operation support system(OSS)(BO) consolidation to ultimately achieve the enhancement in the value chain.On the basis of reviewing the development of the communication industry’s value chain, the challenges for MNOs to promote their values were analyzed.Meanwhile, a 5G value plane architecture based on embedded services in 5G networks was proposed, and the typical application scenarios were given.Path suggestions for the evolution of the 5G value plane were provided, which help MNOs to build the next generation of BSS/ OSS consolidation.

Research on VoNR solution application

Bei LI, Guanghai LIU, Tian XIAO, Yuhua HU, Hangbo ZHENG, Chen CHENG, Yifan WU, Xiuzhen HUANG

2022, 38(5):  149-157.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022100

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In the 5G era, in order to improve user perception, shorten call setup delay, and enhance the clarity of real-time voice communication, 3GPP standard introduces the VoNR solution.VoNR is to allow voice, video and data services to be carried on the 5G network, let users experience the high-definition and high-quality audio and video call services, and enjoy 5G high-speed data Internet services while calls.The VoNR technical characteristics and the VoNR solution implementation effect were deeply analyzed.The current challenges faced by the VoNR solution were presented, which provided technical reference for the subsequent nationwide implementation of VoNR.

Performance analysis and construction scheme proposal of 5G network at 700 MHz band

Peiquan FAN, Ailing WEI, Dongchen ZHANG, Xingzheng LI

2022, 38(5):  158-164.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022091

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5G network opens a new stage of mobile Internet and effectively promotes industrial automation and social development.In order to promote the construction and development of 5G network, the demand of 700 MHz band applied to 5G network was analyzed, took the lead in organizing field test and detailed analysis, 700 MHz 5G network construction scheme based on the test result was discussed, so as to guide 5G base station deployment and antenna parameter configuration.

Smart home service perception degradation positioning scheme based on the network resource tree and information entropy

Meng MING, Yu SHI, Runhan ZHENG, Yunxi FENG

2022, 38(5):  165-172.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022082

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With the accelerating pace of development of the science and technology and informatization, the smart home market is developing rapidly.It brings great convenience to people’s lives, also brings new operation and maintenance tests to operators.A scheme based on big data and AI algorithm, combined with the network resource tree and information entropy was proposed for perceptual real-time monitoring of smart home services, delimiting, segmenting and locating perceptual degradation class faults, aiming to solve the problems of more end-to-end links of smart home services and difficulties in manual location of group faults and single user faults.

Research on the enhancement technology based on the 5G wireless access and wireless backhaul integration

Feng BI

2022, 38(5):  173-178.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022064

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With the increasing requirements for communication services, it is necessary to focus on the factors such as the network coverage, the spectrum efficiency and the deployment and operation cost of operators when building 5G networks.The relay node introduced into the network can solve these problems.However, the relay node has self-interference.Although time-division multiplexing can avoid self-interference, it will increase the end-to-end service delay.In order to better solve these problems, the integrated enhancement technology researches were focused on the aspects of the resource multiplexing mode, the node timing, the guard band and the performance simulation verification between the wireless access and the wireless backhaul.The proposed integrated enhancement technology schemes not only avoid the self-interference of relay node, but also ensure the requirement for the service delay and user perceived throughput.