基于公交车缓存的车联网位置隐私保护方案

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2021132

通信学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 150-161.doi: 10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2021132

基于公交车缓存的车联网位置隐私保护方案

崔杰¹^,²^,³, 陈学峰¹, 张静¹, 魏璐¹, 仲红¹^,²^,³

¹ 安徽大学计算机科学与技术学院，安徽合肥 230601
² 安徽省物联网安全技术工程实验室，安徽合肥 230601
³ 安徽大学物质科学与信息技术研究院，安徽合肥 230601

修回日期:2020-12-15 出版日期:2021-07-25 发布日期:2021-07-01
作者简介:崔杰（1980− ），男，河南淮阳人，博士，安徽大学教授、博士生导师，主要研究方向为车联网安全、物联网安全等
陈学峰（1995− ），男，安徽合肥人，安徽大学硕士生，主要研究方向为车联网安全与位置隐私保护
张静（1990− ），女，河南永城人，安徽大学博士生，主要研究方向为车联网安全、物联网安全等
魏璐（1993− ），男，安徽安庆人，安徽大学博士生，主要研究方向为车联网安全、物联网安全等
仲红（1965− ），女，安徽固镇人，博士，安徽大学教授、博士生导师，主要研究方向为网络与信息安全
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(61872001);国家自然科学基金国际（地区）合作交流项目(62011530046)

Bus cache-based location privacy protection scheme in the Internet of vehicles

Jie CUI¹^,²^,³, Xuefeng CHEN¹, Jing ZHANG¹, Lu WEI¹, Hong ZHONG¹^,²^,³

¹ School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
² Anhui Engineering Laboratory of IoT Security Technologies, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
³ Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China

Revised:2020-12-15 Online:2021-07-25 Published:2021-07-01
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(61872001);The National Natural Science Foundation of China International (Regional) Cooperation and Exchange Project(62011530046)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解决车联网中车辆用户使用基于位置的服务（LBS）时真实位置的泄露问题，提出一种基于公交车缓存的位置隐私保护方案。公交车先根据其线路信息向LBS提供商获取兴趣点（POI）池，然后在行驶时根据其当前位置从POI池中挑选部分POI数据形成POI列表并广播给周围私家车。私家车在接收到广播信息后，验证公交车身份，然后将POI列表存储到车辆的本地缓存中。当私家车需要查询POI信息时，首先在本地缓存中进行检索，若缓存未命中再以 k-匿名的方式向 LBS 提供商发送查询请求。仿真实验结果表明，所提方案通过减少私家车与LBSP的通信次数，能够降低私家车真实位置泄露的可能性，从而有效提高私家车的位置隐私保护水平。

关键词: 车联网, 基于位置的服务, 隐私保护, k-匿名

Abstract:

To solve the problem of real location leakage when vehicles use location-based service (LBS) on the Internet of vehicles, a location privacy protection scheme based on bus cache was proposed.Firstly, a point of interest (POI) pool was obtained from the LBS provider based on its route information.Then the data in the POI pool was selected form a POI list while driving.Finally, the POI list was broadcast to surrounding private vehicles.After the private vehicle received the broadcast data, it verified the identity of the bus and then stored the POI list in the vehicle’s local cache.When a private vehicle needed to query POI information, it would first retrieve it in the local cache, and if the cache was missed, it would send a query request to the LBS provider using the k-anonymity method.The simulation experiment results show that the proposed scheme can reduce the possibility of leakage of the real location of the private vehicle by reducing the number of communications between the private vehicle and the LBSP, thereby effectively improving the privacy protection level of the private vehicle.

Key words: Internet of vehicles, location-based service, privacy protection, k-anonymity

中图分类号:

TP393.0

崔杰, 陈学峰, 张静, 魏璐, 仲红. 基于公交车缓存的车联网位置隐私保护方案[J]. 通信学报, 2021, 42(7): 150-161.

Jie CUI, Xuefeng CHEN, Jing ZHANG, Lu WEI, Hong ZHONG. Bus cache-based location privacy protection scheme in the Internet of vehicles[J]. Journal on Communications, 2021, 42(7): 150-161.

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符号	描述
TA	可信机构
LBSP	位置服务提供商
POI	车辆感兴趣的位置点
OBU	车载单元
p,q	大质数
E	椭圆曲线方程
G	q阶加法群
P	加法群G的生成元
PK	公钥
sk	私钥
TPK	临时公钥
σ	消息的签名
⊕	异或操作
\|\|	消息连接操作
RID	车辆的真实身份
PID	车辆的假名身份
PWD	车辆所使用的密码
id	公交车的线路编号
PV	私家车
BUS	公交车
ECDSA	椭圆曲线数字签名算法
ECIES	椭圆曲线集成加密方案
H	安全哈希函数
T	时间戳
PP	POI池
PL	POI列表
BM	公交车广播的信息

参数	值
仿真区域面积	2 500 m×2 500 m
数据传输速率/(Mbit·s^-1)	6
传输功率/mW	20
私家车最大速度/(m·s^-1)	40
公交车最大速度/(m·s^-1)	20
车辆加速度/(m·s^-2)	10
敏感度/dBm	-89
热噪声/dBm	-110
信标间隔/s	1
广播间隔/s	3
模拟时间/s	300
信道	CCH
私家车最大数量/个	50
公交车最大数量/个	5
POI最大数量/个	500
模拟器时间/s	140

基于公交车缓存的车联网位置隐私保护方案

Bus cache-based location privacy protection scheme in the Internet of vehicles

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