蜂窝车联网（C-V2X）技术发展、应用及展望

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022007

Abstract

Abstract:

V2X (vehicle-to-everything) is a promote and profound reform-and-innovation in transportation and automobile industries.It is changing the people’s travel mobility modes and ways of society energy consumption.The requirements and challenges of V2X communication performance in data rate, latency, and reliability, being required and challenged by intelligent transportation and automated driving applications were analyzed.The critical technologies and international standards evolutions of cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) were introduced, including LTE-V2X and NR-V2X.Then, the advantages of applying C-V2X were analyzed for vehicle-vehicle and vehicle-infrastructure cooperation in intelligent transportation and automated driving.Meanwhile, the field testing and industrial practice of C-V2X in China were presented, and the roadmap was envisioned for developing intelligent transportation and intelligent connected vehicles (ICV) in China.For example, the envisions include actively promoting the construction of “5G+C-V2X” and new type infrastructure, exploring the development mode of vehicle-infrastructure cooperation based on V2X, and eventually supporting China to reach the national low “carbon peak” and to achieve the national “carbon neutralization” strategic goals.

Key words: 5G, C-V2X, LTE-V2X, NR-V2X, intelligent transportation, intelligent connected vehicle

CLC Number:

TP393

Shanzhi CHEN, Yuming GE, Yan SHI. Technology development, application and prospect of cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X)[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2022, 38(1): 1-12.

Figures/Tables 4

发布时间	发文机关	政策	主要内容
2018年11月	工信部	《车联网（智能网联汽车）直连通信使用5 905～5 925 MHz频段管理规定（暂行）》^[34]	规划5 905～5 925 MHz频段作为基于LTE-V2X技术的车联网（智能网联汽车）直连通信的工作频段
2018年12月	工信部	《车联网（智能网联汽车）产业发展行动计划》^[35]	明确形成深度融合、创新活跃、安全可信、竞争力强的车联网产业新生态
2019年9月	中共中央、国务院	《交通强国建设纲要》^[36]	加强智能网联汽车（智能汽车、自动驾驶、车路协同）研发，形成自主可控完整的产业链
2020年2月	国家发展和改革委员会、工信部、科技部等 11 个部委	《智能汽车创新发展战略》^[37]	提出到2025年智能交通系统和智慧城市相关设施建设取得积极进展，车用无线通信网络（LTE-V2X等）实现区域覆盖，新一代车用无线通信网络（5G-V2X）在部分城市、高速公路逐步开展应用
2020年3月	工信部	《关于推动5G加快发展的通知》^[38]	提出促进“5G+车联网”协同发展
2020年8月	交通运输部	《关于推动交通运输领域新型基础设施的指导意见》^[39]	提出打造融合高效的智慧交通基础设施，完善行业创新基础设施，重点提到了助力5G等信息基础设施建设
2020年10月	国务院办公厅	《新能源汽车产业发展规划（2021—2035年）》^[40]	明确将推动新能源汽车与能源、交通、信息通信全面深度融合，以及协调推动智能路网设施建设，包括建设支持车路协同的无线通信网络及推进智能化道路基础设施建设
2021年11月	工信部	《“十四五”信息通信行业发展规划》^[41]	推动C-V2X网络建设、在主要城市道路的规模化部署、在部分高速公路路段试点应用，加速车联网终端用户渗透

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	应用场景	基于C-V2X的车车与车路协同感知	雷达、视频等单车感知技术	备注
车车	AEB/LDW等ADAS应用	增强	能	雷达、视频可以提供近距离高精度感知信息
（协同）	CACC等部分自动驾驶应用	不需要	能	雷达、视频可以实现一定工况条件下的部分自动驾驶
	车辆编队行驶	支持	不支持	C-V2X解决了多车协同感知和控制问题
	高优先级车辆通行	支持	不支持	C-V2X解决了车与车之间的协同优化问题
车车与车	AVP应用	复杂场景需要	需要	C-V2X解决了遮挡感知问题
路（协同）	高速公路弯道/出入匝道口	预知更早	困难	C-V2X解决了单车的非视距盲区感知问题
	恶劣天气条件下的红绿灯感知、高速公路团雾条件下的感知	能	困难	C-V2X 解决了单车在恶劣条件下的感知鲁棒性问题
	出入隧道安全	支持	困难	C-V2X 解决了单车在极端条件下的感知鲁棒性问题
	十字交叉路口	强	困难	C-V2X解决了单车的非视距盲区感知、交通通行效率问题
	区域或广域范围交通感知	有	无	C-V2X拓展了感知范围
注：AEB（autonomous emergency braking）：自动紧急制动；LDW（lane departure warning）：车道偏移预警；ADAS（advanced driving assistance system）：高级辅助驾驶系统；AVP（automated valet parking）：自动代客泊车；CACC（cooperative adaptive cruise control）：协同自适应巡航控制

时间	活动	测试内容	参与单位
2018年	“三跨”	世界首例“跨通信模组（芯片）、跨终端提供商、跨整车厂商”的互联互通应用示范	3家通信模组厂商、8家LTE-V2X终端提供商、11家中外整车企业共同参与
2019年	“四跨”	“跨芯片模组、跨终端、跨整车、跨安全平台”的C-V2X应用展示	26家整车企业、28家终端设备和协议栈厂商、10家芯片模组厂商、6家安全解决方案提提供商、2家CA提供商平台共同参与
2020年	“新四跨”暨大规模先导应用示范活动	规模应用环境下的性能和应用功能测试，并增加了高精度地图和高精度定位等新元素	40余家国内外整车企业、40余家终端提供商、10余家芯片模组厂商、20余家信息安全企业、5家图商及5家定位服务提供商等共同参与
2021年	C-V2X 先导应用实践活动（沪苏锡、武汉、柳州）	依托长三角地区、武汉地区、柳州地区已建成的智能化基础设施和车路云协同平台环境，验证面向商业化应用的行车安全预警、信号灯信息提示等连续场景，验证路侧感知赋能智能驾驶（协作式变道、协作式匝道汇入）等应用场景	沪苏锡活动有 20 余家国内外整车企业、近30家终端提供商、近10家芯片模组厂商、近10家信息安全企业、10余家自动驾驶企业等参与；武汉、柳州活动预计共有将近百家企业参与

Technology development, application and prospect of cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X)

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