中国数据法律制度体系研究

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-0271.2024003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在中国数字经济发展过程中，相关部门充分发挥法治的保障作用，积极推进数据领域法律法规制定工作，初步构建形成了纵横结合的数据法律制度体系。首先，介绍了中国数据法律制度体系的基本概况，包含横向体系和纵向体系两个维度。其次，分析了中国数据法律制度的纵向体系，包括中央立法和地方立法两个层面，涵盖法律、行政法规、部门规章以及地方性法规和地方规章多个层级。再次，分析了中国数据法律制度体系的横向体系，主要包括数据安全与发展制度、个人信息保护制度、商业数据流通制度和政务数据管理制度四大制度板块。最后，总结了中国数据立法的成效与体系的不足，并提出了完善建议。

关键词: 数据, 数据法律制度, 纵向体系, 横向体系

Abstract:

In promoting the development of China's digital economy, relevant departments have given full play to the underpinning role of the rule of law, actively promoted the formulation of laws and regulations in the field of data, and put in place a foundational legal system for data that combines vertical and horizontal aspects.Firstly, this paper introduces the basic overview of China's data legal system, including both horizontal system and vertical system.Secondly, it analyzes the vertical system, including data legislation at central and local levels, and covering laws, administrative regulations, departmental rules, local regulations and local administrative rules.Thirdly, it analyzes the horizontal system, including legal systems in the fields of data security and development, personal information protection, commercial data circulation and government data management.Finally, this paper summarizes the achievements of China's data legislation and deficiencies of the current data law system, and puts forward suggestions for improvement.

Key words: data, data legal system, vertical system, horizontal system

中图分类号:

D913
D912.1

谢祎, 何波. 中国数据法律制度体系研究[J]. 大数据, 2024, 10(1): 141-156.

Yi XIE, Bo HE. Research on data legal system in China[J]. Big Data Research, 2024, 10(1): 141-156.

图/表 2

参考文献 19

[1]	中共中央国务院关于新时代加快完善社会主义市场经济体制的意见[J]. 中华人民共和国国务院公报, 2020,1698(15): 14-22.
	Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Speeding up the Improvement of the Socialist Market Economic System in the New Era[J]. Communiqué of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China, 2020,1698(15): 14-22.
[2]	中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室新时代的中国网络法治建设[N]. 人民日报, 2023-03-17.
	The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China China’s Law-Based Cyberspace Governance in the New Era[N]. People’s Daily, 2023-03-17.
[3]	张晓强 . 充分激活数据要素潜能[N]. 经济日报, 2022-12-23.
	ZHANG X Q . Activate the full potential of the data element[N]. Economic Daily, 2022-12-23.
[4]	工业和信息化部网络安全管理局为行业数据安全监管提供制度保障[N]. 中国电子报, 2022-12-20.
	Cybersecurity Administration Bureau,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China To provide institutional guarantees for industry data security supervision[N]. China Electronics News, 2022-12-20.
[5]	宗珊珊 . 我国地方数据立法的特征、挑战与展望[J]. 信息通信技术与政策, 2022(8): 65-69.
	ZONG S S . Characteristics,challenges and prospects of local legislation on data[J]. Information and Communications Technology and Policy, 2022(8): 65-69.
[6]	白牧蓉, 李其贺 . 地方数据立法的现状与进路[J]. 人大研究, 2022(4): 40-47.
	BAI M R , LI Q H . Present situation and approach of local data legislation[J]. People’s Congress Studying, 2022(4): 40-47.
[7]	国务院关于印发促进大数据发展行动纲要的通知[J]. 中华人民共和国国务院公报, 2015(26): 26-35.
	Notice of the State Council on printing and distributing the action program for promoting the development of big data[J]. Gazette of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China, 2015(26): 26-35.
[8]	何波, 谢祎 . 我国数据治理的最新进展与发展趋势[J]. 中国电信业, 2021(10): 63-67.
	HE B , XIE Y . The latest progress and developing trend of China data governance[J]. China Telecommunications Trade, 2021(10): 63-67.
[9]	于晓洋, 何波 . 我国《个人信息保护法》立法背景与制度详解[J]. 大数据, 2022,8(2): 168-181.
	YU X Y , HE B . Legislative background and system of China’s Personal Information Protection Law[J]. Big Data Research, 2022,8(2): 168-181.
[10]	程啸 . 论我国个人信息保护法的基本原则[J]. 国家检察官学院学报, 2021,29(5): 3-20.
	CHENG X . On basic principles of China personal information protection law[J]. Journal of National Prosecutors College, 2021,29(5): 3-20.
[11]	杜跃进, 罗圣美 . 专题导读：数据流通与隐私计算[J]. 大数据, 2022,8(5): 1-2.
	DU Y J , LUO S M . Data circulation and privacy computing[J]. Big Data Research, 2022,8(5): 1-2.
[12]	维护平台经济公平竞争市场秩序[N]. 法治日报, 2022-11-08.
	Maintaining the market order of fair competition in the platform economy[N]. Legal Daily, 2022-11-08.
[13]	黄丽华, 窦一凡, 郭梦珂 ,等. 数据流通市场中数据产品的特性及其交易模式[J]. 大数据, 2022,8(3): 3-14.
	HUANG L H , DOU Y F , GUO M K ,et al. Features and transaction modes of data products in data markets[J]. Big Data Research, 2022,8(3): 3-14.
[14]	文英姿, 曲杨, 张旭东 ,等. 数据交易相关法规比较研究[J]. 大数据, 2022,8(3): 66-77.
	WEN Y Z , QU Y , ZHANG X D ,et al. Comparative study on laws and regulations related to data transaction[J]. Big Data Research, 2022,8(3): 66-77.
[15]	杨孟辉, 杜小勇 . 政府大数据治理:政府管理的新形态[J]. 大数据, 2020,6(2): 3-18.
	YANG M H , DU X Y . Big data governance in governments:a new form of the government administration[J]. Big Data Research, 2020,6(2): 3-18.
[16]	商希雪 . 政府数据开放中数据收益权制度的建构[J]. 华东政法大学学报, 2021,24(4): 59-72.
	SHANG X X . Construction of data income right system in government data opening[J]. Journal of the East China University of Politics ＆ Law, 2021,24(4): 59-72.
[17]	高丰 . 厘清公共数据授权运营:定位与内涵[J]. 大数据, 2023,9(2): 16-32.
	GAO F . Investigation into authorized public data operation:its positioning and nature[J]. Big Data Research, 2023,9(2): 16-32.
[18]	中国信息通信研究院. 中国数字经济发展报告（2022年）[R]. 2022.
	中国信息通信研究院. Development report on China digital economy 2022[R]. 2022.
[19]	王玎 . 论个人信息安全事件通知义务[J]. 行政法学研究, 2023(2): 82-94.
	WANG D . On the notification obligation of personal information leakage events[J]. Administrative Law Review, 2023(2): 82-94.