使能未来工厂的5G能力综述

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022069

Abstract

Abstract:

5G systems extend mobile communication services beyond mobile telephony, mobile broadband, and massive machine-type communication into new application domains, so-called vertical domains, with special requirements for communication services.A comprehensive analysis and summary of 5G capabilities enabling the factories of the future were provided, including resilient network architecture, flexible spectrum, ultra reliable and low latency communication, time sensitive network, security and positioning.While resilient network architecture includes network slicing, non-public network, 5G LAN, and edge computing.It hopes to have a thorough and comprehensive understanding of the theoretical research and application of 5G, and a clear understanding of its challenges, so as to play a key reference for researchers and engineers in the related fields.

Key words: 5G verticals, URLLC, time sensitive network, security, positioning, network slicing, edge computing

CLC Number:

TN929.5

Yusun FU, Jinhui TANG. A survey on 5G capabilities enabling the factories of the future[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2022, 38(9): 18-35.

Figures/Tables 15

References 113

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对比项	运动控制	控制到控制	带安全装置的移动控制面板	移动机器人	远程接入和运维	增强现实	闭环控制	过程监控	工厂资产管理
工程自动化	A	A		B
过程自动化				B			A	C	C
HMI和生产IT			A			D
物流和仓储		A		B
监控和运维					√
注: A、B、C和D表示通信业务可用性，其中，A是“99.999 9%～99.999 999%”，B是“> 99.999 9%”, C是“99.99%”，D是“99.9%”。

		通信需求
用例		链路需求
		时间关键型或循环			非关键型
		循环时间/ms	有效载荷	抖动	时延	速率	抖动
运动控制	印刷机	<2	20 byte	<1 μs	—	>1 Mbit/s	—
	机床	<0.5	50 byte	<1 μs	—	>1 Mbit/s	—
	包装机	<1	40 byte	<1 μs		>1 Mbit/s	—
控制到控制通信	控制器间通信	4～10	<1 KB	<1 μs	<10 ms	5～10 Mbit/s	—
过程自动化	闭环控制	10～100	几字节	1～10 ms	—	—	—
	过程监控	50	—	—	—	—	—
	工厂资产管理	50	—	—	—	—	—
移动机器人	精准协同机器人	1	40～250 byte	<50%的循环	—	>10 Mbit/s	—
	机床	1～10		时间
	协同驾驶	10～50
	视频控制	10～100	15～150 KB
	标准机器人操作与业务管理	40～500	40～250 byte
以人为中心的监控	安全控制面板	4～8	40～250 byte	2～4 ms	<30 ms	>5 Mbit/s	<15 ms
	增强现实	<10	20～50 Mbit/s	—	—	—

TSN组件	技术	IETF标准
同步	定时同步	802.1AS
（时间同步）		IEEE 1588（P802.1AS-Rev）
可靠性	帧复制和消除	802.1CB
（高可用/超可靠）	路径控制	802.1Qca
	每流过滤和策略	802.1Qci
	时间同步可靠性	P802.1AS-Rev
时延	基于信用的整形器	802.1Qav
（有界低时延）	帧抢占	802.3br ＆ 802.1Qbu
	计划业务量	802.1Qbv
	循环排队和转发	802.1Qch
	异步流量整形	P802.1Qcr
	QoS规定	P802.1DC
资源管理	流预留协议	802.1Qat
（专用资源和应用接口）	TSN配置	802.1Qcc
	基本YANG模型	802.1Qcp
	连接故障管理YANG模型	P802.1Qcx
	链路层发现YANG模型	P802.1ABcu
	用于Qbv、Qbu、Qci的YANG模型	P802.1Qcw
	用于FRER的YANG模型和MIB	P802.1CBcv
	链路本地注册协议	P802.1CS
	资源分配协议	P802.1Qdd
	扩展流标识	P802.1CBdb

证书类型	EAP方法	协议
客户端和服务器证书	EAP-TLS	RFC 5216
预共享密钥	EAP-PSK	RFC 4764
一次性密码	EAP-POTP	RFC4793
用户输入的密码	EAP-Pwd	RFC 8146
SIM卡	EAP-AKA’	RFC 5448
使用证书的服务器身份验证和使用用户键入密码的客户端身份验证	EAP-TTLS	RFC 5281

场景	水平精度	垂直精度	可用性	头向	定位时延	UE移动速度
带安全功能的移动控制面板（非危险区）	< 5 m	< 3 m	90 %	不涉及	< 5 s	不涉及
过程自动化—工厂资产管理	< 1 m	< 3 m	90 %	不涉及	< 2 s	< 30 km/h
智能工厂中的灵活、模块化装配区（用于在工作场所工具跟踪）	< 1 m （相对定位）	不涉及	99 %	不涉及	1s	< 30 km/h
智能工厂中的增强现实	< 1 m	< 3 m	99 %	< 0.17 rad	< 15 ms	< 10 km/h
带安全功能的移动控制面板（在工厂危险区）	< 1 m	< 3 m	99.9 %	< 0.54 rad	< 1 s	不涉及
智能工厂中的灵活、模块化装配区（用于自动驾驶车辆，仅用于监控目的）	< 50 cm	< 3 m	99 %	不涉及	1s	< 30 km/h
制造的入内物流（用于室内自动驾驶系统的驾驶轨迹（如果有更多传感器，如摄像机、GNSS、IMU等支持））	< 30 cm （如果有摄像机、GNSS、IMU 等其他传感器支持）	< 3 m	99.9 %	不涉及	10 ms	< 30 km/h
制造的入内物流（货物储存）	< 20 cm	< 20 cm	99 %	不涉及	< 1 s	< 30 km/h

A survey on 5G capabilities enabling the factories of the future

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方法	基于UE	UE辅助，基于LMF	5G RAN辅助	SUPL
A-GNSS	√	√		√（基于UE和UE辅助）
OTDOA		√		√（UE辅助）
E-CID		√	√	√（UE辅助）
Sensor	√	√
WLAN	√	√		√
Bluetooth		√
TBS	√	√		√（MBS）
DL-TDOA	√	√		√
DL-AoD	√	√		√
Multi-RTT		√	√	√
5G E-CID		√	√	√（DL NR E-CID）
UL-TDOA			√	√
UL-AoA			√	√
注：A-GNSS（assisted-global navigation satellite system）：辅助全球导航卫星系统；OTDOA（observed time difference of arrival）：观察到达时间差；E-CID（enhanced cell-ID positioning method）：增强小区标识定位；TBS（terrestrial beacon system）：地面信标系统；LMF（location management function）：定位管理功能；SUPL（secure user plane location）：安全用户面定位；MBS （metropolitan beacon system）：都市信标系统；DL-TDOA（downlink time difference of arrival）：下行到达时间差；DL-AoD （downlink angle-of-departure）：下行离开角；NR E-CID（NR enhanced cell-ID）：5G增强小区标识定位；UL-TDOA（uplink time difference of arrival）：上行到达时间差；UL-AoA（uplink angle of arrival）：上行到达角。

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